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DB2 Version 7.1 for Linux HOWTO

Dan Scott

Revision History
Revision 1.2.6 2002-09-21 Revised by: dbs
Add Mandrake 8.1, SuSE 7.3 install instructions from contributor Mykola Buryak.
Revision 1.2.5 2002-07-16 Revised by: dbs
Fixed or removed some broken links, added a few new resources.
Revision 1.2.4 2001-06-02 Revised by: dbs
Running JDK 1.1.8 on Red Hat 7.1
Revision 1.2.3 2001-04-25 Revised by: dbs
Red Hat 7.1 install instructions, more DB2 on Debian info, connecting to AS/400 databases, buffer pool memory limits, converted to DocBook XML.
Revision 1.2.1 2000-10-25 Revised by: dbs
Basic Red Hat 7.0 info, additional Debian instructions.
Revision 1.2 2000-09-25 Revised by: dbs
IBM JDK 1.3 works! More troubleshooting.
Revision 1.1 2000-07-28 Revised by: dbs
Documented _SHM_ID_BITS kernel parameter tuning for increasing number of available connections. Added basic indexing.
Revision 1.0 2000-07-06 Revised by: dbs
Added basic Debian instructions. Corrected some factual, stylistic, and grammatical mistakes. Licensed document under GNU GPL. Submitted document to LDP.
Revision 0.7 2000-04-26 Revised by: dbs
Based on DB2 V7.1 beta release, wrote install instructions for Caldera 2.4, Red Hat 6.2, SuSE 6.2, SuSE 6.3, and TurboLinux 6.0.

This HOWTO gives you explicit instructions on installing DB2 Universal Database Version 7.1 for Linux on the following Intel x86-based distributions: Caldera OpenLinux 2.4, Debian, Mandrake Linux 7.2 and 8.1, Red Hat Linux 6.2 and 7.1, SuSE Linux 6.2, 6.3, 7.0, and 7.3, and TurboLinux 6.0. After installing DB2, you can work with a sample database, connect to your DB2 server from a remote machine, and administer DB2 using the DB2 Control Center.

Table of Contents
1. Introduction
1.1. Why a DB2 installation HOWTO?
1.2. Who should read this HOWTO?
1.3. New versions of this document
1.4. Copyright and License
1.5. Credits
1.6. About the author
2. Prerequisites
2.1. What are prerequisites?
3. Preparing your distribution for DB2
3.1. Caldera OpenLinux 2.4
3.2. Mandrake Linux 7.2
3.3. Mandrake Linux 8.1
3.4. Red Hat Linux 6.2
3.5. Red Hat Linux 7.1
3.6. SuSE Linux
3.7. TurboLinux 6.0
4. Installing DB2 using db2setup
4.1. Using the db2setup utility
4.2. Installing DB2 components
5. Installing DB2 on other Linux distributions
6. Creating DB2 instances
6.1. Overview of DB2 Administration Server
6.2. Overview of DB2 instance
7. Removing DB2
8. Using DB2
8.1. DB2 Control Center
8.2. DB2 Information Center
8.3. The DB2 command line
9. Troubleshooting
9.1. Problems with DB2 installation
9.2. Problems creating a DB2 instance
9.3. Problems using DB2
9.4. Problems starting the DB2 Control Center
10. Improving DB2 Version 7.1 performance on Linux
10.1. Increasing maximum connections
10.2. Creating and configuring buffer pools
11. Installing the IBM Developer Kit for Java
12. Using the 2.4 kernel with DB2 Version 7.1
A. Resources
B. GNU General Public License
B.1. Preamble

1. Introduction

1.1. Why a DB2 installation HOWTO?

Ever since DB2 Version 5.2 was ported to Linux in 1998 and made available as a beta download, there has been a lot of interest in DB2 on Linux. The beta represented one of IBM's first dips into the waters of Linux, and it generated a lot of feedback. In fact, if you read through the newsgroups, you still see occasional questions from people who are trying out the Version 5.2 beta. (I don't know where they're getting it, but they're out there.) And, not surprisingly, they run into problems. It was a beta product, after all.

Anyway, I've been trying out DB2 on Linux since Version 5.2, so I've had a chance to witness the improvements over the past couple of years. I've also made a lot of use of the Linux Documentation Project in that time, and wanted to contribute something to the LDP. So I decided to write about the one thing that I really know something about on Linux, and hope that it helps someone else out there.

DB2 on Linux has come a long way since Version 5.2. The first supported release of DB2 on Linux was Version 6.1 in 1999, which removed many of the installation hurdles faced by the Version 5.2 beta testers.

DB2 Version 7.1 is the second major release that supports Linux, and since it's a new release I'm expecting that a new wave of people curious about DB2, as well as people migrating from Version 6.1, are going to try installing this new release on Linux. To that end, I'm writing this HOWTO to share my experiences and help smooth your installation. One of the big boosts comes from the standardization on the IBM Developer Kit for Java, which improves the stability of the DB2 Control Center and enables application developers to write stored procedures and UDFs in Java. DB2 Version 7.1 also introduces the ability to write stored procedures in SQL.

As time permits, I hope to provide hints and tips for improving the performance of DB2 on Linux, and for configuring the environment on various Linux distributions to be able to build DB2 applications in C, C++, and Java.

1.2. Who should read this HOWTO?

If you plan to install DB2 Version 7.1 on one of the Linux distributions supported by IBM, this document is for you. The distributions that IBM officially supports are:

  • Caldera OpenLinux 2.4

  • Red Hat Linux 6.2

  • SuSE Linux 6.2 and 6.3

  • TurboLinux 6.0



For Debian and Slackware, I have included very basic installation instructions or links to other resources in Section 5. If you have any other installation success stories, please forward me the details and I'll try to expand the section. As time permits, I plan to try to duplicate and confirm these installation instructions.

If you install DB2 Version 6.1 for Linux and DB2 hangs on the db2start command, see db2start hangs on Linux distributions built with glibc 2.1. I don't include any other DB2 Version 6.1 information in this document. If you plan to install DB2 Version 5.2 on Linux, don't! (Have I emphasized that point enough? All right, I'll stop now.) The Personal Developer's Edition of DB2 Version 7.1 is available as a free (beer) download from IBM, at the DB2 Universal Database download site. Registration is required, and, of course, your copy of DB2 is only free as long as you don't use it in a production environment.

This document is really meant to help you install DB2 Version 7.1 on the previously listed Linux distributions. I've installed DB2 on all of the distributions supported by IBM and noted the prerequisites and quirks for each of them. I don't go into detail about the various features of DB2, or what each installation option means, but I do cover the basics that you need to know to get it installed.

1.3. New versions of this document

I like my friends at the Linux Documentation Project, so you'll always be able to find the most up-to-date version of this document at the LDP web site.

1.4. Copyright and License

Copyright (c) 2000 International Business Machines Incorporated.

This document is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This document is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this document; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.

1.5. Credits

Dan Scott is the originator and current maintainer of this HOWTO. Please send all suggestions for improvement, criticisms, or more-or-less related questions to me at (remove REM in my email address before sending). Please send all spam or hate mail to /dev/null.

Feedback and suggestions for improvement have been provided by Susan Williams, Serge Boivin, Darin McBride, and Xiaoyan Zhao. Ronnie Seagren did an awesome job of editing the original version for style and consistency.

Additional thanks to:

  • Andika Triwidada for contributing instructions to install DB2 V7.1 on Debian using the rpm utility.

  • Michael Naughton for braving Red Hat 7 and figuring out the libncurses.so.4 prerequisite.

  • Christoph Shmitz for resolving license problems with DB2 installed via alien.

  • Claus Fischer for solving a DB2 on Debian problem with updating instances and contributing cataloging instructions for DB2 on AS/400.

  • Mykola Buryak for contributing the sections on Mandrake Linux 8.1 and SuSE 7.3.


1.6. About the author

Dan Scott has been employed by IBM Canada as an Information Developer since 1998—approximately when DB2 was first ported to Linux. It's probably just coincidence. He has documented and tested DB2 application development for the bulk of that time. In his spare time he can occasionally be found mourning for his dearly departed motorcycle, abusing his body on his mountain bike, or contemplating how to upgrade his Linux distribution at home (which started life as Mandrake 5.3 and has mutated wildly ever since) without suffering the wrath of his girlfriend.

2. Prerequisites

2.1. What are prerequisites?

Prerequisites are what you, your machine, and your distribution require before you will be able to successfully install or use DB2. The required prerequisites come straight from IBM DB2 Universal Database for UNIX Quick Beginnings . The suggested prerequisites come from experience. For your convenience, I've divided them into hardware and software requirements.

Hardware prerequisites

Processor

x86 compatible (for example, Intel, AMD, or Cyrix). I've successfully installed DB2 Version 7.1 on a Pentium Pro 200 and a Pentium II 350. Your experiences with other x86 processors would be appreciated.

Memory

For application development, I've found 96 MB of RAM is enough to run a small database and test out your applications. Even the Control Center responds acceptably if your processor speed is fast enough. In my case, I was working with a Thinkpad 600 equipped with a Pentium 233 MMX processor and 96 MB of RAM. However, more memory is recommended if you're putting your database into production or running multiple services.

Free disk space

Of course, this depends on the components you install, but for a typical installation of the DB2 Version 7.1 server, the Administration Client, the Application Development Client, the documentation, and the creation of a sample database, you will need about 350 MB of free disk space.

Software prerequisites

glibc

2.1.2 or greater. This can be a tough part of Linux to upgrade on its own, so if your current distribution doesn't meet this requirement, I would strongly suggest upgrading your entire distribution. For example, I tried upgrading only the glibc portion of TurboLinux 4.0 from 2.1.1 to 2.1.3 and ran into a whole world of trouble.

DB2 Version 7.1 should work with glibc 2.1.1. IBM sets prerequisites based on the systems with which they tested.

kernel

2.2.12 or greater. I've upgraded to both 2.2.19 and 2.4.3 and recompiled the kernel for my own purposes, and DB2 seems to work as well as before.

DB2 Version 7.1 should work with a minimum of kernel 2.2.10. IBM sets prerequisites based on the systems with which they tested.

libncurses

4.x. For db2setup to work correctly, this version of the library must be available on your system with the following pathname: /usr/lib/libncurses.so.4.

libstdc++-libc6.1-1.so.2

A file or symbolic link by this exact name is mandatory. On most distributions, this is a symbolic link to libstdc++-2.9.0.so, but on several recent distributions this is a symbolic link to libstdc++-2.10.0.so.

Note

In previous versions of this HOWTO, I stated that the exact version of libstdc++-2.9.0.so was mandatory. I was wrong.


pdksh

5.2 or greater. This is a public domain version of the Korn shell that both the DB2 installer and the DB2 commands require. You cannot do anything with DB2 without installing pdksh.

rpm

3.0 or greater. DB2 for Linux is distributed as a number of RPM packages, so you won't get far without this piece of software. For information on installing DB2 on distributions without using RPM, see Section 5.

Java

The IBM Developer Kit for Java, 1.1.8 or 1.3, is an optional component, but is required to:

  • use the DB2 Control Center to administer your databases using a graphical user interface

  • create or run Java applications, including stored procedures and user-defined functions



As of this writing, the minimum required level of the IBM Developer Kit for Java 1.1.8 is the March 22, 2000 release. You can get the IBM Developer Kit and Runtime Environment for Linux, Java Technology Edition, from the IBM Java Developer Kit downloads web site as follows:



Please note: Other versions of Java, such as the Blackdown or Sun JDKs, have not been tested with DB2 and are not supported by IBM. And no, none of the distributions I have seen so far package the IBM JDK. But do yourself a favour, and get the IBM Developer Kit for Java.

Web browser

DB2 calls the netscape command when you:

  • display the online help for the DB2 Control Center

  • display information using the DB2 Information Center

The easiest approach is to install Netscape Navigator or Communicator on your system. Netscape version 4.72 or above is required to display the Business Intelligence Quick Tour, because of its extreme use of JavaScript.

To use a browser other than Netscape to display online help or information, create a link called netscape to your preferred browser executable. The link must appear in your PATH. For example, to display online help with mozilla, you could create a link in /usr/local/bin with the following command:

bash# ln -s /usr/bin/mozilla-bin /usr/local/bin/netscape


In the following table:

  • unknown indicates that I don't know what the default level is, and I haven't installed DB2 on this distribution (your feedback is welcome!)

  • okay indicates that I don't know what the default level is, but it worked when I installed DB2

  • ** as a prefix indicates that the default level is not acceptable and must be replaced or supplemented with a compatible library



Table 1. Prerequisite levels, by distribution

Distribution glibc Linux kernel libncurses libstdc++-libc6.1-1.so pdksh rpm
Caldera OpenLinux 2.4 2.1.2 2.2.14 okay 2.9.0 5.2.14 okay
Debian 2.2 2.1.3 2.2.17 okay 2.10.0 5.2.14 3.0.3
Mandrake Linux 7.2 2.1.3 2.2.17 okay (4, 4.2, 5, & 5.1) 2.9 5.2.14 3.0.5
Mandrake Linux 8.1 2.2.4 2.4.8 5.2 2.10 5.2.14 4.0.3
Red Hat 6.2 2.1.2 2.2.14 okay 2.9.0 5.2.14 okay
Red Hat 7 2.1.92 2.2.16 **5.1 **2.9.6 5.2.14 4.0
Red Hat 7.1 2.2.2 2.4.2 **5.2 **2.9.6 5.2.14 4.0.2
SuSE 6.2 2.1.1 2.2.10 unknown 2.9.0 5.2.14 okay
SuSE 6.3 2.1.2 2.2.13 okay 2.9.0 5.2.14 okay
SuSE 7.0 unknown 2.2.17 okay unknown 5.2.14 okay
SuSE 7.3 2.2.4 2.4.10 4.2, 5.2 2.7.2, 2.8, 2.9 5.2.14 3.0.6
TurboLinux 6.0 2.1.2 2.2.13 okay 2.9.0 5.2.14 okay

3. Preparing your distribution for DB2

3.1. Caldera OpenLinux 2.4

3.1.1. Before installing DB2 on Caldera OpenLinux

This section contains instructions that you must follow before installing DB2.

Preparing for the installation of DB2

  1. Install the pdksh-5.2.14-1.i386.rpm package from the Caldera OpenLinux CD-ROM in the /Packages/RPMS/ directory. For example, log in as root, mount the CD-ROM, and enter the following command to install the pdksh package:

    bash# rpm -ivh /mnt/cdrom/Packages/RPMS/pdksh-5.2.14-1.i386.rpm


  2. Remove the jdk package, (JDK 1.2.2 from Sun), since it will conflict with the IBM Developer Kit for Java that you will install in the next step. To remove Sun's JDK, issue the following command as root:

    bash# rpm -e jdk


  3. Install the IBM Developer Kit for Java. A brief set of installation directions is included in Section 11.

  4. Edit the JAVA_HOME and PATH entries in /etc/config.d/shells/bashrc to remove the references to the JDK from Sun and update them to reflect the IBM Developer Kit for Java. The section that I changed started as:

    
    [ -z "$JAVA_HOME" ]&& [ -d /usr/java ] && (
            export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java
            [ -r $JAVA_HOME/lib/classes.zip ] &&
              export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib/classes.zip
)


    Replace it with the following section to reflect the default locations for the IBM Developer Kit for Java:

    
    [ -z "$JAVA_HOME" ]&& [ -d /usr/jdk118 ] && (
            export JAVA_HOME=/usr/jdk118
            export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
            [ -r $JAVA_HOME/lib/classes.zip ] &&
              export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib/classes.zip
)


3.1.2. Installing DB2 and creating instances on Caldera

Follow the instructions in Section 4 the generic section on installing DB2, and go ahead and create the instances. It's probably a good idea at this point to read through Section 3.1.3 to keep in mind the steps that you need to take after installing DB2.

3.1.2.1. What does /etc/login.defs not accessible, using defaults mean?
3.1.2.2. Okay, DB2 is installed and I created the instances. Now what do I do?

3.1.2.1. What does /etc/login.defs not accessible, using defaults mean?

It means something went slightly wrong, but it's okay. You may get this message splashed across your installation screen one or more times during the DB2 installation process, but other than not looking pretty, DB2 still installs correctly. Caldera apparently doesn't include a /etc/login.defs configuration file. The file controls the default options for the useradd command for adding new users, including policies like how many days before the new user's password expires and whether a home directory should be created for a new user. For more information on the /etc/login.defs file, refer to the man page for useradd.

3.1.2.2. Okay, DB2 is installed and I created the instances. Now what do I do?

Now that you've installed DB2, you have to perform some steps to configure your instances correctly. Keep reading.

3.1.3. After installing DB2 on Caldera

This section contains instructions that you must follow after installing DB2.

3.1.3.1. Adding instance user IDs to their groups

The most important step is to manually add the instance user ID to the corresponding instance group you defined during the instance creation step. DB2 and Caldera OpenLinux don't get this part of the DB2 instance creation process right, so you have to do it yourself. You can add an instance user ID to an instance group in two ways:

  • Edit /etc/group to add the appropriate instance user ID to the last field for each group.

  • Use the COAS utility to manage your groups by selecting KDE menu, Settings, COAS, System, Accounts, then selecting the Groups submenu and the Manage Groups menu item.


3.1.3.2. Changing the default home page in Netscape

The DB2 Control Center and the DB2 Information Center use the Netscape browser to display help and documentation. This works for the first document you display in the browser, but if you try to switch to a different DB2 document (for example, from one book to another), you may instead be redirected to the default home page set by the Caldera OpenLinux installation process. I found that this problem went away as soon as I changed the default home page in the Edit menu, Preferences menu item.

3.1.3.3. Removing the Caldera login greeting

Add a file called .hushlogin to the home directory of each of your instance user IDs. This should prevent the Welcome to your OpenLinux system! messages while running DB2 commands.

DB2 generates these messages on Caldera because the DB2 commands run under the root user ID, which in turn becomes the instance owner to invoke commands. Part of this su process calls one or both of /etc/config.d/shells/csh.login and /etc/config.d/shells/profile, which in turn call the /etc/config.d/shells/OL-greeting script that contains the offensive string.

Instead of adding .hushlogin to every user's home directory, you could probably edit /etc/config.d/shells/OL-greeting to remove the message (or change it to something else, if you want). I haven't tried it myself, so let me know what works best.

3.2. Mandrake Linux 7.2

The DB2 server and command line DB2 client works on Mandrake Linux 7.2, and I was able to successfully start and use the DB2 Control Center with IBM JDK 1.1.8 (build 20000713).

3.2.1. Before installing DB2 on Mandrake Linux

Preparing for the installation of DB2

  1. Install the pdksh-5.2.14-8mdk.i586.rpm package from the Mandrake Linux CD-ROM in the /Mandrake/RPMS/ directory. For example, log in as root, mount the CD-ROM, and enter the following command to install the pdksh package:

    bash# rpm -ivh /mnt/cdrom/Mandrake/RPMS/pdksh-5.2.14-8mdk.i586.rpm


3.2.2. Installing DB2 and creating instances on Mandrake Linux

When you run db2setup, you may receive the following error: ksh: /etc/profile.d/tmdir.sh[9]: source: not found This is only a warning message and you can continue installing DB2. If the message interferes with the db2setup menu, press CTRL-L to clear the screen.

Otherwise, follow the instructions in Section 4, the generic section on installing DB2 and creating instances.

3.2.3. After installing DB2 on Mandrake Linux

With Mandrake Linux 7.2, there are no special steps to take after installing DB2 Version 7.1. The DB2 server and command line client work out of the box, and the DB2 Control Center worked with IBM JDK 1.1.8 (build 20000713).

3.3. Mandrake Linux 8.1

3.3.1. Before installing DB2 on Mandrake Linux

Preparing for the installation of DB2

  1. Install the pdksh-5.2.14-12mdk.i586.rpmpackage from the Mandrake LinuxCD-ROM #2 in the /Mandrake/RPMS2/directory. For example, log in as root, mount the CD-ROM, and enter the following command to install the pdkshpackage: 
    bash# rpm ivh /mnt/cdrom/Mandrake/RPMS2/pdksh-5.2.14-12mdk.i586.rpm
  2. The Linux 2.4 kernel changes the default values of some ipc limits. However, the default value for the msgmniis 16, which causes difficulties running DB2 with the default 2.4 kernel ipc parameters. Fortunately, the 2.4 kernel also enables you to change a number of these parameters through the /procfilesystem. With the 2.4 kernel, you do not have to recompile your kernel to experiment with different parameter values. To set the msgmnikernel parameter at boot time, append the following lines to /etc/sysctl.conf: 
    
# Sets maximum number of message queues to 128
# Set this to 1024 or higher on production systems
kernel.msgmni = 128
  3. Uninstall the default Mandrake Linux8.1 Kaffe Virtual Machine with Package Manager or Software Manager. Install the IBM Developer Kit for Javaby issuing the following command as root: 
    bash# rpm -ivh IBMJava118-SDK-1.1.8-5.0-i386.rpm
  4. To set up the Java environment for all or specific users in Mandrake Linux 8.1, copy the content of /usr/jdk118/binto /usr/binand /usr/jdk118/libto /usr/lib. After that you can successfully issue the 
    java -fullversion
    command.
  5. To install DB2 Warehouse Control Database, you must change the permissions for the /homedirectory to read, write and execute (for users, groups, others) as a user with root authority: 
    
bash# chmod ugo=rwx /home
    If you do not change the permissions for the /homedirectory, you may recieve the following error: SQL0970N The system attempted to write to a read-only file. SQLSTATE=55009.

3.3.2. Installing DB2 and creating instances on Mandrake Linux

When you run db2setup, the DB2 Product Messages and DB2 Product Library menus can interfere with the db2setup main menu. If this happens, press CTRL-L to clear the screen.

3.3.3. Removing DB2 on Mandrake Linux

You must perform the following steps as a user with root authority.

Removing DB2 on Mandrake Linux 8.1

  1. List all Db2 instances: 
    
bash# /usr/IBMdb2/V7.1/instance/db2ilist
  2. Drop each instance listed in the previous step with the following command: 
    
bash# /usr/IBMdb2/V7.1/instance/db2idrop <instanse-name>
  3. Drop the DB2 administration server: 
    
bash# /usr/IBMdb2/V7.1/instance/dasidrop `/usr/IBMdb2/V7.1/instance/dasilist`
  4. Uninstall all of the DB2 packages on your system using the db2deinstallcommand on your DB2 CD-ROM: 
    
bash# /mnt/cdrom/db72pf5u/db2_deinstall -n
  5. To remove all users (db2inst1..db2instN, db2fenc, db2as) created by DB2 issue the following commands: 
    
bash# userdel -r db2inst1
bash# ..
bash# userdel -r db2instN
bash# userdel -r db2fenc1
bash# ..
bash# userdel -r db2fenc2
bash# userdel -r db2as

3.4. Red Hat Linux 6.2

3.4.1. Before installing DB2 on Red Hat

Preparing for the installation of DB2

  1. Install the pdksh-5.2.14-2.i386.rpm package from the Red Hat CD-ROM in the /RedHat/RPMS/ directory. For example, log in as root, mount the CD-ROM, and enter the following command to install the pdksh package:

    bash# rpm -ivh /mnt/cdrom/RedHat/RPMS/pdksh-5.2.14-2.i386.rpm


3.4.2. Installing DB2 and creating instances on Red Hat

Follow the instructions in Section 4, the generic section on installing DB2 and creating instances.

3.4.3. After installing DB2 on Red Hat

With Red Hat 6.2, you don't need to take any special steps after installing DB2 Version 7.1. It works.

3.5. Red Hat Linux 7.1

3.5.1. Before installing DB2 on Red Hat

Preparing for the installation of DB2

  1. Install the pdksh-5.2.14-12.i386.rpm package from Red Hat CD-ROM (2) in the /RedHat/RPMS/ directory. For example, log in as root, mount the CD-ROM, and enter the following command to install the pdksh package:

    bash# rpm -ivh /mnt/cdrom/RedHat/RPMS/pdksh-5.2.14-12.i386.rpm


  2. For a compatible version of the libstdc++ library, install the compat-egcs-c++-6.2-1.1.2.14.i386.rpm package from Red Hat CD-ROM (2) in the /RedHat/RPMS/ directory. For example, log in as root, mount the CD-ROM, and enter the following command to install the compat-egcs-c++ package:

    bash# rpm -ivh /mnt/cdrom/RedHat/RPMS/compat-egcs-c++-6.2-1.1.2.14.i386.rpm


  3. Install the compat-libs-6.2-3.i386.rpm package from Red Hat CD-ROM (2) in the /RedHat/RPMS/ directory. For example, log in as root, mount the CD-ROM, and enter the following command to install the compat-libs package:

    bash# rpm -ivh /mnt/cdrom/RedHat/RPMS/compat-libs-6.2-3.i386.rpm


  4. The db2setup command looks for a file called /usr/lib/libncurses.so.4 and will not proceed unless it exists, so create a symbolic link from the ncurses4.0 library in /usr/i386-glibc21-linux/lib/ to your /usr/lib/ directory.

    
bash# ln -sf /usr/i386-glibc21-linux/lib/libncurses.so.4.0 /usr/lib/libncurses.so.4


  5. The default setting for the msgmni kernel parameter only allows a couple of simultaneous connections to DB2. To set this value at at boot time, append the following lines to /etc/sysctl.conf:

    
# Sets maximum number of message queues to 128
# Set this to 1024 or higher on production systems
kernel.msgmni = 128


3.5.2. Installing DB2 and creating instances on Red Hat

Follow the instructions in Section 4, the generic section on installing DB2 and creating instances.

3.5.3. After installing DB2 on Red Hat

Red Hat 7.1 enabled the floating stack feature of the glibc library. Unfortunately, this causes Java programs using IBM JDK 1.1.8, including the DB2 Control Center, to fail miserably. Fortunately, you can disable the floating stack by setting the LD_ASSUME_KERNEL environment variable to 2.2.5 before running the DB2 Control Center as follows:


bash$ export LD_ASSUME_KERNEL=2.2.5
bash$ db2set DB2ENVLIST=LD_ASSUME_KERNEL
bash$ db2jstrt 6790
bash$ db2cc 6790


With IBM JDK 1.3 (IBMJava2-SDK-1.3-7.0-i386.rpm), the DB2 Control Center started successfully without any workarounds. For instructions on installing the IBM JDK, see Section 11.

3.6. SuSE Linux

3.6.1. Before installing DB2 on SuSE

At some point in its past, SuSE included an old beta version of DB2 in their distribution. When you install SuSE Linux, up to and including version 7.0, the SuSE installer still creates the default DB2 user IDs and sets their home directories in /usr/lib. This can cause some difficulties when you set up the DB2 instances. Before installing DB2, remove the default DB2 user IDs by issuing the following commands as root:


bash# userdel -r db2as
bash# userdel -r db2fenc1
bash# userdel -r db2inst1

3.6.2. Installing DB2 and creating instances on SuSE

Follow the instructions in Section 4, the generic section on installing DB2.

3.6.3. After installing DB2 on SuSE

With SuSE 6.2 or above, I have not needed to take any special steps after installing DB2 Version 7.1. It just works—and that's nice.

3.7. TurboLinux 6.0

3.7.1. Before installing DB2 on TurboLinux

TurboLinux 6.0 includes all of the required packages at or above the minimum required levels for DB2 Version 7.1.

3.7.2. Installing DB2 on TurboLinux

Follow the instructions in Section 4, the generic section on installing DB2.

3.7.3. After installing DB2 on TurboLinux

When you run the DB2 Control Center with TurboLinux 6.0, the console window may display a number of map failed messages. These messages do not indicate a serious problem, so do not worry about them.

4. Installing DB2 using db2setup

The purpose of this section is to walk you through a typical install of DB2 Version 7.1 on Linux. The following section, Section 6, tells you how to create both a DB2 Administration Server and a DB2 instance. For in-depth information on the components offered by DB2 Version 7.1, consult the following documents:



For the purposes of this document, I'll assume that you have a copy of DB2 Version 7.1 on CD-ROM. If you download a copy from IBM, just adjust the path /mnt/cdrom in the following instructions to reflect the directory created by the tar command.

Tip

Some distributions disable execute privileges on CD-ROM devices by default. To mount a CD-ROM with execute permissions at mount point /mnt/cdrom, issue the following command as root:


bash# mount -o exec /mnt/cdrom


4.1. Using the db2setup utility

You'll find the following executables on the root directory of the DB2 Version 7.1 installation CD-ROM:

  • db2setup: Use the db2setup command to install DB2 Version 7.1, to create or modify DB2 instances, and to create a DB2 Administration Server. Once you install DB2, db2setup is copied to the /usr/IBMdb2/V7.1/install directory to enable you to create or modify instances without the CD-ROM.

  • db2_install: The db2_install command provides an alternate means of installing DB2 RPMs. Unlike db2setup, it does not enable you to create a DB2 instance or Administration Server, or install a license key. I highly recommend db2setup.

  • db2_deinstall: Use the db2_deinstall command to uninstall the DB2 Version 7.1 packages on your system. For more information, see Section 7.



Note

The db2setup command provides a terminal-based text menu for your installation and instance creation options. Unfortunately, db2setup on Linux sometimes encounters a few formatting bugs in terminal emulators. Running db2setup from the TTY console works well. Within an X session, the rxvt or xterm terminals work quite well, but gnome-terminal is rather frustrating to use. If the text menu formats incorrectly, press CTRL-L to refresh the menu.

4.2. Installing DB2 components

The following instructions assume that you are using db2setup to install DB2.

To select or deselect a component, highlight the component using the cursor keys and press ENTER.

To change the options for a component, highlight [ Customize... ] and press ENTER.

To install your selected components, highlight [ OK ] on the Install DB2 V7 menu and press ENTER.

The common DB2 files are installed in the /usr/IBMdb2/V7.1/ directory. When you create an instance, a directory called sqllib is created in the corresponding user's home directory. The sqllib directory contains symbolic links to the executables and other files in /usr/IBMdb2/V7.1/.

The following list describes some of the common DB2 components that you can install, including estimates of the size required for each component.

Description of DB2 components

Administration Client

The Administration Client enables database administrators to administer local or remote DB2 servers from the command line. This component, without Java support or the Control Center, requires about 20 MB of disk space.

Control Center

The Control Center (db2cc) is an optional part of many DB2 components. It gives database administrators a graphical interface for administering local or remote DB2 servers. The Control Center includes the DB2 Information Center (db2ic), which gives you a graphical interface that provides a tree view of the DB2 documentation installed on your workstation organized by task or by title.

Note that both the Control Center and Information Center are Java applications, so their performance depends on your system's processor speed and available memory. This component requires about 90 MB of disk space.

Tip

You probably want to install the Control Center.
DB2 UDB Enterprise Edition, DB2 UDB Workgroup Edition, DB2 Personal Edition

These components determine the state of your DB2 installation as a database server. The core capabilities of the components are the same. The difference between Enterprise Edition and Workgroup Edition primarily has to do with how they are licensed--Enterprise Edition is licensed on a per-processor basis with unlimited users, while Workgroup Edition is licensed on a per-user basis. Enterprise Edition also gives you the capability to enable DB2 clients to connect to mainframe databases, like DB2 for OS/390 or DB2 for OS/400. In contrast, Personal Edition is a single user database server that is useful only for developing DB2 applications. You cannot use Personal Edition as a server because Personal Edition does not accept incoming remote connections.

Adding one of these components requires about 40 MB of disk space.

Options for DB2 servers

Replication

This option enables your DB2 server to replicate data to other DB2 servers, and, with additional software, across non-DB2 servers as well. This option requires about 5 MB of disk space.

Distributed Join for DB2 Data Sources

This option enables your DB2 server to participate in a join with data from other database servers. This option requires about 2 MB of disk space.

Application Development Client

The Application Development Client component installs the headers and libraries that you need to create applications using embedded SQL for C and C++, Call Level Interface (CLI), Java Database Connectivity (JDBC), or embedded SQL for Java (SQLJ). You also have the option of installing the source code for sample applications that demonstrate much of the functionality of DB2.

Tip

If you plan on developing applications for DB2, install the sample applications. The sample directories in /usr/IBMdb2/V7.1/samples/ contain build scripts (bld***) that include the compile and link options suitable for your own applications.
Tip

If you are trying to develop applications and you get an error like "That command is not supported in this environment" while trying to precompile a file, it's because you either did not install the Application Development Client, or you installed it after you created an instance and you have not used the db2iupdt command to update the instance. See Section 9.1 for more information on db2iupdt.

Including the sample applications, this component requires about 10 MB of disk space.

DB2 Product Library (HTML documentation)

Documentation is installed into the /usr/IBMdb2/V7.1/doc/ directory. For each language that you install, the DB2 installer creates a subdirectory with a five-character name corresponding to the language locale. Issue the db2help command to fire up your Web browser with a page that links to the documentation installed with DB2.

The English HTML (En_US) documentation requires about 90 MB of disk space.

5. Installing DB2 on other Linux distributions

DB2 Version 7.1 is distributed as a set of RPM packages. If you want to install DB2 on a distribution that is not officially supported by IBM, and that distribution satisfies all of the prerequisites specified in Section 2, all that you theoretically need to do is find a way to install those packages on your distribution. The alien utility available from Kite converts RPM packages into formats supported by Debian (dpkg), Stampede (slp), and Slackware (slp).

Debian

Susan Williams reported success in installing DB2 Version 7.1 on Debian using the following script as root:

Example 1. Installation script for DB2 Version 7.1 on Debian 


#!/bin/bash
cd /
for f in /mnt/cdrom1/db2/*rpm
do
alien -d -i -c $f
done


This script installs every DB2 package on the CD-ROM. In a future iteration of this document I plan to provide a description of all of the DB2 packages to help you develop a more selective approach for your installation.

Christoph Shmitz reports that, while he was able to install DB2 Version 7.1 Personal Developer's Edition on Debian 2.2 using alien as described above, DB2 starts in a time-limited trial mode (90 days). While the use of DB2 Version 7.1 Personal Developer's Edition should be unlimited, alien does not automatically install the DB2 license file.

To remove the time limit on DB2 Version 7.1 Personal Developer's Edition, you need to manually install the license file (s000510.personal/db2/license/db2udbpe.lic in the tar archive) using the following command as root:


bash# db2licm -a db2udbpe.lic


Using alien apparently prevents you from using the db2setup command to create instances. To create a DB2 Administration Server from the command line, issue the /usr/ibmdb2/v7.1/instance/dasicrt command as root. To create a DB2 instance, issue the /usr/ibmdb2/v7.1/instance/db2icrt command as root. To get the correct syntax for either command, use the -h flag.

In the following section, Andika Triwidada describes how to install DB2 on Debian 2.2 using the rpm command. You can check the prerequisite package levels (described in Section 2) installed on your system with the following command:


bash$ dpkg -l|egrep -e '(libc6|libstdc++|pdksh|rpm|zip)'|awk '{print $1,$2,$3}'
The resulting list should contain: 

  ii  libc6                 2.1.3-13
  ii  libstdc++2.9-glibc2.1 2.91.66-4
  ii  pdksh                 5.2.14-1
  ii  rpm                   3.0.3-1
  ii  unzip                 5.40-1


If you are missing any of these packages, you can install the package using apt-get:


bash# apt-get install 
                            package-name


Installation Steps

  1. Initialize the RPM database.

    
bash# rpm --initdb


  2. Modifiy several files in /bin 

    
bash# mv /bin/sh /bin/sh.bash
bash# ln -s /usr/bin/ksh /bin/sh
bash# for f in awk basename ksh passwd sort touch; do ln -s /usr/bin/$f /bin/$f; done


  3. Copy the contents of the following script to create an RPM wrapper called /bin/rpm.

    
#!/bin/sh
# RPM wrapper, force RPM installation without checking any dependencies
if [ "$1" = "-ivh" ]
then
  shift
 /usr/bin/rpm -ivh --nodeps $*
else
 /usr/bin/rpm $*
fi


  4. Make the RPM wrapper executable:

    
bash# chmod +x /bin/rpm


  5. Install DB2 using the db2setup command by following the instructions in Section 4.

  6. Create the DB2 administration server and at least one DB2 instance as described in Section 6. To simplify testing, ensure that you create the sample database when you create the DB2 instance.

Testing your DB2 installation

  1. Log on to your Linux server with the DB2 instance user ID. Remember, the default user ID is db2inst1.

  2. Prepare your DB2 environment by running the db2profile script:

    
bash$ cd ~/sqllib
bash$ . ./db2profile


  3. Run a query against the sample database to test your installation.

    
bash$ db2
bash$ db2 => connect to sample
bash$ db2 => select * from employee
    There should be a printout of records from sample database here 
    
bash$ db2 => quit


After you install DB2

  1. Remove the RPM wrapper script by removing, renaming, or linking it directly to /usr/bin/rpm.

    
bash# rm /bin/rpm


  2. Change /bin/sh back into a symlink to /usr/bin/bash.

    
bash# ln -sf /usr/bin/bash /bin/sh


After installing DB2 with alien, Claus Reiner reported that:

While all components of DB/2 were installed, the instance apparently didn't know them and thus couldn't use them. After a lot of sweat going through the configurations, IBM support told me that I should make an instance update which solved it. (The instance could locally and between Unixen do everything, only when trying to connect to AS/400 using DCS it told us 'authentication not supported').

Claus recommends running the following commands as root after installing DB2 with either alien or RPM, 

bash# . $INSTANCEHOME/sqllib/db2profile
bash# /usr/IBMdb2/V7.1/instance/db2iupdt -e


6. Creating DB2 instances

This section gives you a brief overview of DB2 instances and the DB2 Administration Server, and tells you how to create them.

Some IBM documentation uses the term "instance" to refer to both DB2 instances and a DB2 Administration Server. The basic similarity between a DB2 Administration Server and a DB2 instance, or "database manager", is that each is associated with a unique user ID. When you create either a DB2 instance or a DB2 Administration Server, DB2:

  • creates one or more new user IDs and corresponding home directories

  • creates a subdirectory in the instance home directory called sqllib

  • alters the .bashrc file to call the ~/sqllib/ db2profile shell script to set up the environment for the instance



6.1. Overview of DB2 Administration Server

Like a queen bee in a hive, only one DB2 Administration Server can exist on any given DB2 server. By locally or remotely logging as the user ID that corresponds to the DB2 Administration Server, a database administrator uses the DB2 Administration Server to create, drop, or change the properties of DB2 instances.

6.2. Overview of DB2 instance

To quote the IBM DB2 Universal Database Version 7.1 Administration Guide definition of an instance:

An instance (sometimes called a database manager) is DB2 code that manages data. It controls what can be done to the data, and manages system resources assigned to it. Each instance is a complete environment. ... An instance has its own databases (which other instances cannot access), and all its database partitions share the same system directories. It also has separate security from other instances on the same machine (system).

What this boils down to is that for every DB2 instance, DB2 requires a unique user ID on your Linux workstation. Security for an instance is provided by the normal password authentication process for any Linux user ID. Each instance can contain one or more databases, each of which inherits settings from their instance.

Creating the Administration Server using db2setup

The DB2 Administration Server requires about 3 MB of disk space. The following steps guide you through the process of creating a DB2 Administration Server.

  1. Issue the db2setup command as described in Section 4.2.

  2. Select [ Create... ].

  3. Select the check box for Create the Administration Server. The Administration Server window is displayed.

  4. Enter a unique user name in the User Name field. You can use an existing user name that is not already in use by a DB2 instance, but it is probably simpler to create a new user for each instance.

  5. Select the Use default UID check box. As far as I can tell, this setting is always right.

  6. Enter a unique group name in the Group Name field. You can use an existing group name if you wish, but creating a new group ensures that you do not inadvertently give permissions to other users on your system.

  7. Select the Use default GID check box. Again, as far as I can tell, this setting is always right.

  8. Ensure that the value of the Home Directory field reflects the home directory of the user ID.

    Warning

    SuSE users: The prefix for the home directory may default to /usr/lib/db2/. This is almost certainly wrong; the value for a standard SuSE system should be /home/.


  9. Enter a unique password in the Password and Verify Password fields.

    Warning

    Enter a new password! If you do not enter a new password in these fields, DB2 assigns the default password ibmdb2, giving crackers a wide-open front door to your system.


Creating a DB2 instance using db2setup

A DB2 instance requires about 2 MB of disk space. A sample database for a DB2 instance requires about 16 MB of disk space. The following steps guide you through the process of creating a DB2 instance.

  1. Issue the db2setup command as described in Section 4.2.

  2. Select [ Create... ].

  3. Select the Create a DB2 Instance check box. The DB2 Instance window is displayed.

  4. Enter a unique user name in the User Name field. You can use an existing user name that is not already in use by a DB2 instance, but it is probably simpler to create a new user for each instance.

  5. Select the Use default UID check box. As far as I can tell, this setting is always right.

  6. Enter a unique group name in the Group Name field. You can use an existing group name if you wish, but creating a new group ensures that you do not inadvertently give permissions to other users on your system.

  7. Select the Use default GID check box. Again, as far as I can tell, this setting is always right.

  8. Ensure that the value of the Home Directory field reflects the home directory of the user ID.

    Warning

    SuSE users: The prefix for the home directory may default to /usr/lib/db2/. This is almost certainly wrong; the value for a standard SuSE system should be /home/.


  9. Enter a unique password in the Password and Verify Password fields.

    Warning

    Enter a new password! If you do not enter a new password in these fields, DB2 assigns the default password ibmdb2, giving crackers a wide-open front door to your system.


  10. Select [ Properties... ] to change the properties for the instance.

    1. Under the Authentication Type heading, select the Server Encrypt check box. This greatly improves the security of your system, by telling DB2 to accept encrypted passwords, rather than plain text passwords.

    2. Select the Auto start DB2 Instance at system boot check box if you want to start this DB2 instance every time you reboot your system.

    3. Select the Create a sample database for DB2 Instance check box if you plan to work with the sample applications available with the Application Development Client. To run correctly, most of the sample applications require the specific tables and data of the sample database. If you do not create the sample database now, you can create it later using the db2sampl command.

  11. Select [ OK ] to create the DB2 instance. The Fenced User text window is displayed. Repeat the previous steps for creating a new user and group. Server-side DB2 executables, such as stored procedures and user-defined functions, execute under the permissions of the fenced user ID. By controlling the permissions of the fenced user ID, you control the permissions of the server-side DB2 executables.

  12. Select [ OK ] to create the fenced user.

7. Removing DB2

To remove DB2 from your workstation cleanly, perform the following steps:

  1. Log in as root.

  2. List all DB2 instances:

    bash# /usr/IBMdb2/V7.1/instance/db2ilist


  3. Drop each instance listed in the previous step with the following command:

    bash# /usr/ibmdb2/v7.1/instance/db2idrop 
                            instance-name


  4. Drop the DB2 administration server:

    bash# /usr/IBMdb2/V7.1/instance/dasidrop `/usr/IBMdb2/V7.1/instance/dasilist`


  5. Uninstall all of the DB2 packages on your system using the db2deinstall command on your DB2 CD-ROM:

    bash# /mnt/cdrom/db2/db2_deinstall -n


8. Using DB2

This section gives you the basic information you need to start working with DB2 on Linux. It includes instructions on issuing DB2 commands and SQL statements from the command line, as well as the commands you need to start the DB2 Control Center and the DB2 Information Center.

Note

This section assumes that you have followed the instructions in Section 11.

8.1. DB2 Control Center

The left side of the DB2 Control Center provides an object-oriented view of the database objects that you have catalogued, including DB2 instances and databases on other DB2 servers. One way to add, edit, or drop database objects is to right-click on an object to bring up a menu.

To start the DB2 Control Center

  1. Ensure you are logged on to your Linux workstation using either the DB2 Administration Server user ID or the DB2 instance user ID. If you use the su command to become the user, ensure you include the -l parameter to initialize the environment for the user.

  2. Start the X server, if it is not already started.

  3. Issue the db2cc command to start the DB2 Control Center. Depending on the speed of your system, it may take a few seconds for the splash screen to appear, and longer before the full DB2 Control Center appears.

8.2. DB2 Information Center

The DB2 Information Center provides tree views of the information about DB2 that is installed on your system, as well as a number of links to web sites with further information. If you did not install the DB2 documentation, the tree views contain fewer links.

To start the DB2 Informatio