cwhuang@phys.ntu.edu.tw
cdchen@linux.ntcic.edu.tw
NOTE: I write the document to help novices. However, if it didn't, that's your problem, not mime! Don't complain that I WASTE your time, because nobody has to answer your questions, and nobody has to write documents to help you! You have been warned.
This is a document, as a part of Chinese Linux Documentation Projects, introduces the progress in fulfilling Chinese on Linux. The special point different from the other CLDP documents is that this HOWTO document, in turn, will be the first one and also the only one written in Chinese first and then translated into English later.^_^
I have been made my best effort to ensure the exactness of this document, though; however, I couldn't give a guarantee for myself that all the operations and configurations can execute exactly and smoothly on your system. If any problems or losses have happened to your own system because of the executable examples issued in this document, which you have been followed, the authors, us, won't be in charge of any responsibility.
The basic purpose carried with this document is to enormously reduce the questions repeated again and again, just like "Why can't I input/see Chinese?", "Why can't I set xxx up?" and so forth, occurred on Internet. In fact, it is impossible as I knew it...
The shell program used in this document will be sh/bash. If other system(such as csh/tcsh) is your choice, you need to pay attention to the differences amongst them. On the configuration of environment variables, for instance, usage for sh/bash will be,
# export TERM=vt100
whereas for csh/tcsh ,
# setenv TERM vt100
Simultaneously, I provide the following various formats of different versions due to the mechanism of SGML document formats.
Also, you may read directly the newest version of this document on line.
English version could be obtained from:
Japanese translation is also available at(thanks to
isaji@mxu.meshnet.or.jp):
The copyright of this Chinese HOWTO document belongs to Chih-Wei Huang < cwhuang@phys.ntu.edu.tw>. You can make any copies, distributions and spread all or parts of this document. Acyually, you are encouraged very much to fulfill that statement real so that more and more netters could get some helps from it under the use with non-business. (DO NOT remove my name out of it, please.) For business, contact the authors first. The trademarks or packages mentioned in this document belong to the companies or the personal, respectively.
I wish this document can offer a complete and self-sufficient explanation in the aspect of using Chinese on Linux system. What matters concerned with implementations of Chinese on Linux will put it all together here! However, limited to the intelligence and private ability, the ultimate goal of my willingness is almost a "mission impossible"; therefore, if there are losses or drawbacks in it, please let me know it.
I want to thank to Hong Zhang < zhangh@earthlink.net> for being the original founder of this Chinese HOWTO document and for his papers of being the foundation of this new version. Also, I need to thank to Cd Chen < cdchen@linux.ntcic.edu.tw> for completing the section Display and Input Chinese.
The translator, Frank_J.S._Chen < frank63@ms5.hinet.net>, also deserved the acknowledgments for translating this document into English.
Here, there are many people ought to be acknowledged much better for the reasons of devoting their efforts to make Linux more reliable in Chinese. Because of their hard works, we can nowadays enjoy ourselves on a comfortable Chinese environment of Linux.
This work begins on 1/8/98 and ends on 1/11/98, which I call the version of 0.1, as I always did for the initial states of anything. I appreciate the hard work of Chinese version for its delicate statements and not leaving out any detail in the field of Chinese practices. The more I translated, the more I learned. After examining all the sentences I've made, there are definitely many of them won't like real American-English, or the so called Chinese-styled English. Well, if you are skilled in this field of translation or are interested in the circle of computers science, anything about this English article, just like grammar, writing, internationalization of locale with Linux, translation, programming with C/C++, and so forth, will be sincerely grateful and excessively welcome, too.(1/11/98, modified on 6/2/98) This is the secondary modification of it, focusing on the falses of typing, incorrect grammar, and correcting the meanings of ambiguous words(maybe a little research on sematics, just for this document:-)). I have no ideal about the translating quality of this paper, if you feel something strange or ill while reading, please let me know about it in my real heart. Pointing out the bad parts will be marvelous in spreading out this howto. As far as I know, English version of it had been translated into several foreign languages including Japanese, Swedish, etc. If you want to do another one, just go ahead, but we suggest you to inform anyone of us about that.(6/2/98)
This section makes an attempt to do a general description for the possible obstacles in using Chinese on Linux; then you could find the key points out much easier as you meet with these problems. As a matter of fact, the shortcomings described here not only appear on Linux but also the other system. Even more, we can say that the whole computers environments are concerned. If this section is not suited for your tastes or you are eager to act directly, then you can jump onto the section Display and Input Chinese!
A Chinese word is composite of two bytes in computers, as we all know. The most popular encoding methods includes BIG5 codes available in the area of Taiwan and GB codes available in the mainland China. The first byte of each word is almost bigger than numeric values 128, which is what we called the non-ASCII codes.(The ASCII codes means codes smaller than 128.)
Yes! Then so what? Here are the points! Because of different kinds of reasons, in the early days, many programs didn't consider the possibility of non-ASCII codes as a part of entering data.
These kinds of programs always assume that the data prepared to manipulation are all limited in the range of ASCII codes, and the most worst is that when they meet with non-ASCII codes, an assumption of their non-existence and a truncation of the 8th bit is the most frequent method they took. This is the so called 8-bit clean problem.
Your program, for example, always take it for granted that your inputs are all the 7-bit-width ASCII codes. When you enter Chinese words, it will erase the 8th bit so that the inputs under circumstances of Chinese will become disturbed codes all the way.
Communication programs on Internet are usually could only
transmit 7-bit data. A notorious substance is the earlier
sendmail program. sendmail could only
send and receive 7-bit mails, causing that the strategies of many
odd encoding methods, Encoding which made
the receivers an excessive disturbance, are recognized as sending
out Chinese mails(like uuencode, base64, QP and so on).
(Frequently, I thought by myself that if the founders of emails
could have put much foresight on it, then we could have little
problems nowadays perhaps.)
This problem seems to be more complicated on Internet. Even
you and your receivers all have the machines installed with
sendmail program which might manipulate with Chinese
mails, the receiver might get disturbed mails in any way. This is
because this mail before its arrival at the target may travel
over several hosts settled on Internet, if one of the hosts'
sendmail cuts the 8th bit off, then things go down.
For the programs with the architecture of client/server, the
problem may be on the end of client, or on the end of server;
otherwise both of them are.
Applications which are incapable of identifying the Chinese encoding are also a major problem, apart from being unable to deal with non-ASCII codes' data. That is, most programs(even if they can deal with 8-bit data accurately) all take a Chinese word as two individual bytes. This won't cause problems under some conditions, but it will show an unfortunate disaster under some spots.
The most obvious matter is that, for instance, even if you can input Chinese words properly, but when you hit the backspace key a time trying to delete a complete word, the whole word will be split into wto parts meaning that only one byte(column) can backspace on monitor and the redundant half one then become a disturbed code. More over than that, you might change new line at the second byte of a Chinese word in some text editors and then disturbed codes occurred. Besides, these text editors might think that a long Chinese sentence as a long English sentence without changing to a new line, making the picture of screen ugly and chaotic.
There are more worse matters, too ! Some Chinese words contain special codes which correspond to some particular meaning for some applications and might make these programs producing severe faults while meeting with that codes or just collapse.
Here below will try to propose some resolved methods but segmental, incomplete and also unsatisfactory. Only when all softwares can fit with Chinese, then the problems could really resolve perhaps.
However, more and more programs have noticed the significance
of internationalization, for example, most hosts'
sendmail
programs now can
cope with 8-bit mails exactly --- Not only transmitting Chinese
mails need 8-bit, but also many multi-media mails need 8-bit.
Lots of softwares already don't need to
modify at all or just open some special options for the purpose
of using Chinese. Simultaneously, there are more and more persons
devoting to the birth of Chinese softwares. Let's us wait and
expect for it.
Most of the Chinese softwares issued in this document can get from these sites below:
There are usually some ordinary questions such as "Where can I
find xxx...?" appeared on Internet. Actually, there was an
excellent utility named archie could help you to search softwares
you needed. Make a link to
http://archie.edu.tw/archie.html,
and then enter the name of softwares that you want. If you have a
desire to use xcin, for instance, just input xcin
can you get all these softwares concerned with xcin displayed on
screen. Then, choose the nearest site to download those
softwares. More illustrations in detail can be found on the
archie's homepage for self-reference.
You can use text mode, too. telnet archie.edu.tw
and login as archie, then type prog
FILENAME and press ENTER key, for instance,
Archie > prog xcin-2.1d.tar.gz # Search type: sub. # Your queue position: 1 # Estimated time for completion: 5 seconds. working... = Host linux.cis.nctu.edu.tw (140.113.166.117) Last updated 08:47 27 Nov 1997 Location: /packages/chinese/xcin FILE -rw-r--r-- 1106789 bytes 08:58 25 Jul 1997 xcin-2.1d.tar.gz
For environments of Chinese system under DOS or of Windows 95 for Chinese that you have been always using to get through Linux hosts, there is no doubt that you don't need to take a good look at this section. However, when your local host is Linux-based system, configurations for Chinese system are definitely necessary.
It is truly suggested that you can take the combinations of xcin and crxvt as a pathway to solve the problems of Chinese I/O if the X Window System is acquainted with you.
Xcin, with a contraction of X Window Chinese INput, is a Chinese Input System executed under the X mode. Because xcin is utilizing the architecture of client/server, all you have to do is just to start one xcin window so that you can manipulate with many crxvt virtual terminals under the same window, which can exhaust much little resources. Also, it offers some wise programs of input, like Wang-Hsing Input or Natural Input, which can select the matching phases by themselves. In the early age, in order to convert fonts and inputs table to fit with xcin, you need the ETen Chinese System mounted first before the installation of xcin. After the man, Tung-Han Hsieh, < thhsieh@twclx.phys.ntu.edu.tw> became responsible for the voluntary maintenance of xcin, this terrible problem had been resolved!
The newest version is 2.3.02 now. But this one is just a version of beta. For the more stable one, I advise you to fetch the xcin-2.1d for a suggestion in my mind.
Download the sources of xcin from this ftp site below:
ftp://linux.cis.nctu.edu.tw/packages/chinese/xcin/xcin-2.1d.tar.gz
ftp://linux.cis.nctu.edu.tw/packages/chinese/xcin/xcin-2.3.02.tar.gz
You need the xcin-2.3.02.tar.gz file at hand first to setup xcin of version 2.3.02 and untar and unzip it under any certain directory.
# tar xzvf xcin-2.3.02.tar.gz .... # cd xcin-2.3.02 # ./configure (Follow the instructions on screen to modify the options you picked up in turn.) # make # make install
So, you have finished the setup of xcin of version 2.3.02 from now on.
You can also get the same sort of xcin, named xcin-2.3.02.i386.rpm, maintained by Cd Chen for RedHat Linux System.
ftp://linux.ntcic.edu.tw/personal/cdchen/Chinese-RedHat-Packages/XCIN/RPMS/xcin-2.3.02-1.i386.rpm
Install it by
# rpm -Uvv xcin-2.3.02-3.i386.rpm
yact is the system of displaying and inputing Chinese running under the terminal mode. The most different point from chdrv is that yact uses your computers' displaying card through svgalib library. Without the information of your video card contained in the svgalib, you may not probably make yact work on your Linux.
The most admirable point for yact is that the fonts are scanned with 24x24 on the monitor and are more beautiful than other terminal Chinese input system. And it is more smooth than the others in dealing with scrolling pages. The newest version of yact is yact-p4 now.
You can get yact here below,
ftp://linux.cis.nctu.edu.tw/packages/chinese/yact/yactp4.tar.gzThe ways to setup yact are simple, too. After getting the sources of yact, decompress it and examine whether the Makefile file is correct or not, then type make all install directly on shell prompt to complete the installation of bits files. Read the README file for more detailed information.
Next is the step of fonts' setup. yact uses the HBF fonts, but
you can't find the fonts in the packages of yact, which means you
need to take extra actions to make it available. Having ETen
Chinese System mounted is an original recommendation from the
founder for its fonts. Copy the HBF fonts' description file
et24.hbf under the fonts directory of sources of
yact to the directory /usr/local/lib/yact and rename
it as hzfont.hbf. Then copy STDFONT.24, SPCFSUPP.24,
SPCFONT.24 and ASCFONT.24 fonts files to the directory
/usr/local/lib/yact and rename ASCFONT.24 as
12x24.
The free HBF fonts are available, too. Change names of these
256 ASCII fonts as 12x24 and names of the HBF fonts'
description file as hzfont.hbf. Put both of
description files and fonts files into
/usr/local/lib/yact, then everything will be ok.
Because yact needs the svgalib 1024x768 mode to work, many netters without ET4000 series cards cannot get well supports from it, causing their sickness of this excellent Chinese system. The bcs16 is modified from yact according to this drawbacks. It needs only 640x480 and can work very well on most video cards.
Get bcs16 from this site:
ftp://linux.cis.nctu.edu.tw/packages/chinese/bcs/bcs007a.tgz
Installation
# tar zxvf bcs007a.tgz # cd bcs16 # make # cp bcs16 /usr/local/bin
liubig5.tab, of DOS version and put it into the
directory /usr/local/lib/yact .data into
/usr/local/lib/yact and all the legal fonts files,
namely spcfont.15, spcfsupp.15,
andstdfont.15 , are need to put together in the
same place, too.cclib.16.gz cclib.16a.gz,
jis.16.gz, ksc.16.gz from the site
below and decompress them into
/usr/local/lib/yact.
ftp://nctuccca.edu.tw/Chinese/ifcss/software/fonts/
/usr/local/lib/yact/usrfont.15m too.bcs16. Pressing Alt-H can
get more advanced explanations of instructions.The founder of bcs16 is cnoize.bbs@bbs.cis.nctu.edu.tw.
chdrv is a Chinese emulator program displaying and entering Chinese through console. Because chdrv access the tty device directly, it must be activated by the root. Now, chdrv is maintained by Yu-Chung Wang < wycc@iis.sinica.edu.tw> and the newest one is chdrv-1.0.10.
You can get it from
ftp://linux.cis.nctu.edu.tw/packages/chinese/chdrv/Get the source package, chdrv-1.0.10.tar.gz, binary package, chdrvbin-1.0.10.tar.gz, and fonts package, chdrvfont.tar.gz, respectively.
Unzip and untar the compressed binary file,
Read the illustrations for installation in file# tar xvzf chdrvbin-1.0.10.tar.gz # mv chdrvfont.tar.gz chdrv-1.0.10/ # cd chdrv-1.0.10
INSTALL.1.0 to modify file install. If
you want your shadow password to works, you need to change the
settings in chinese.conf. Erase the following
comments off,
LOGINPROGRAM /bin/telnetFreeze this line into remarks,
LOGINPROGRAM /bin/loginNow, you can execute the installation script.
# ./installbin
cxterm is a Chinese virtual terminal running under X Window System, and is the oldest Chinese displaying and inputing virtual terminal, which is provided various codes for Chinese, including BIG5 codes, GB codes, HZ codes and so on. Because each cxterm opened needs to load Chinese data into the main memory, system resources are exhausted quite largely for it.
The newest one is version of 5.0.p3 named
cxterm5.0.p3.tar.gz, which contains both of cxterm
codes and Chinese fonts. You can get it from here below,
ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/x-win/cxterm/Or the rpm at
ftp.redhat.com:
cxterm-color-5.0p3-1.i386.rpm,
cxterm-color-big5-5.0p3-1.i386.rpm,
cxterm-color-gb-5.0p3-1.i386.rpm.
ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/contrib/hurricane/i386/
Decompress the packed,
The upper instruction will produce a new directory# tar -xvzf cxterm5.0.p3.tar.gz
cxterm-5.0, and then invoke instructions as follows:
You need login as root to execute ``# cd cxterm-5.0 # ./config.sh
./config.sh'' if you wish all users on your
computer can use cxterm well, then you can finish the steps of
setup following the descriptions below:
0. Read COPYRIGHT Notice 1. Compile, Install, and Configure "CXTERM 5.0" in One Step 2. Compile cxterm (not to install) 3. Install cxterm (after successful compilation in 2) 4. Install additional Chinese font(s) for your X window 5. Configure your account for using cxterm (after installation in 3) x. Exit Please choose (0/1/2/3/4/5/x) :
If you wish all things going through automatically, please
choose 1, and then enter the name of directory where
to store the cxterm. If asking me, I will suggest this place,
/usr/local/chinese”D There are two kinds of
Chinese fonts coming with the packed package, choosing
1 and 3 will make the procedure of
installation all automatic. In addition, you can select
4 to install some extra fonts, too. After achieving
this setup, you need to put cxterm and
CXterm into the path of searching directory.
# export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/chinese/bin
CXterm is just a shell script to load the
resources of X and cxterm in. For using GB codes, invoke this
following command,
For BIG5 codes, invoke this following command,# CXterm -gb
# CXterm -big5
On the
website
ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/x-win/cxterm
, there
is a color patch for cxterm as well. Using this patch can make
cxterm showing colors of ANSI. Assuming that you put the original
files of cxterm under the /tmp/cxterm-5.0, then
# cp cxterm-5.0.p3-color.patch.gz /tmp # gzip -d cxterm-5.0.p3-color.patch.gz # patch < cxterm-5.0.p3-color.patch # cd cxterm-5.0 # ./config.sh
XA is a small tool of an abbreviation for Xcin Anywhere, which can let you enter Chinese words with xcin under any common X-based softwares. If making XA coordinating with CXWin(or XA+CV), you can get an environment of accessing Chinese for softwares not supported with Chinese. Thus, the xterm will become cxterm-like naturally. Cool, doesn't it? XA is now extremely unstable as though, and you have to take charge of all risks if you want to explore it. As most things do, before working with XA, you must make xcin installed first. You can pick XA up into your pocket from here below:
ftp://linux.cis.nctu.edu.tw/packages/chinese/xcin/XA/
Decompress the packed. Run ./configure to produce
mk and config.h on account for the
compilation by using ./mk. If it works, key in
./mk test xterm next to see if the xcin can be
called out and enter Chinese under xterm to test. If there is no
problem, copy wrap.so to
/usr/local/lib/ following the syntax below:
Then, just follow the general method of using xcin.# LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/wrap.so netscape &
Founder of XA is weijr.bbs@bbs.ntu.edu.tw.
At present, there are two common formats of input table,
namely tit and cin, which both are
plain text of formats. (That's means you can edit them directly
from text editors.) However, most Chinese Systems almost provide
utilities for the purpose of exchanging pure text of formats into
special binary of formats in order to speed up searching method.
Before you setup some certain input, you must own it's
tit , cin, or formats after
transformation first .
I will take the Bo-Shia-My input as an example to show how to
add it under each kind of Chinese system. The input tables
mentioned here can be found
at
ftp://ftp.cis.nctu.edu.tw/UNIX/Chinese/Boshiamy/
.
Other tit files are also available at
ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/x-win/cxterm/dict/
.
Make use of utility cin2tab provided from xcin to
transform the cin table into tab
one.
It will produce the two files:# cin2tab boshiamy.cin
boshiamy.tab and boshiamy.tab.rev. Put
them into the directory of xcin and activate xcin next:
To use Bo-Shia-My input, press the combination keys# xcin -in9 boshiamy.tab
CTRL-ALT-9.
yact takes the use of cit of version 2, and the same as
cxterm. You can use the tool tit2cit accompanied
with yact to make transformation available between
boshiamy.tit and cit.
Move boshiamy.cit into
/usr/local/lib/yact and establish a symbol link for
it:
Like xcin does, Hit# ln -s boshiamy.cit 9
CTRL-ALT-9 for
calling Bo-Shia-My input.
At first, put boshiamy.tbl into
/usr/local/lib/chinese. Secondly, modify
/etc/chinese.conf, adding the follow section
INPUT into it.
BEGIN INPUT PHONETIC /usr/local/lib/chinese/phone.def MULTI /usr/local/lib/chinese/boshiamy.tbl END INPUT
chconfig of chdrv to make the
contents of /etc/chinese.conf effective.
Change boshiamy.tit into cit or
citnf with the utility tit2cit of
cxterm, then modify .Xdefaults to set a combination
key for acting Bo-Shia-My input. Please refer to the technical
document coming with cxterm for more information about
installation and implementation in detail.
After you accomplished the establishments of Chinese System,
you have already been able to display Chinese on your Linux
through monitors. However, as using a Chinese editor, you will
find that the Linux system can only display Chinese but cannot
accept the input of Chinese. You have to modify two spots, by
yourself, to make Linux system becoming acceptable with output
and input of Chinese if you want to improve these problems At
beginning, you need to add the locale setting to the shell
profile file (Referring to the locale mini-HOWTO when concerning
with locale). Additionally, adding sets about inputs for the
.inputrc file under your home directory is necessary
too. (Please create it yourself if .inputrc didn't
ever exist.) Here are the configurations concerning with shell
profile file and .inputrc file which are
distributing on public domain(just as a reference, though):
Bash Shell: Appending the following contents into
/etc/profile, please.
stty cs8 -istrip stty pass8 export LANG=C export LC_CTYPE=iso-8859-1
Tcsh Shell: Appending the following contents into
/etc/csh.login or in /etc/csh.cshrc,
please.
stty cs8 -istrip stty pass8 setenv LANG C setenv LC_CTYPE iso-8859-1
$HOME/.inputrc file for setup lists as
follows:
set convert-meta off set output-meta on
Eventually, prepare a text file contained with Chinese words
by yourself, and use tool grep to search it. If it
can find something exact, this means that your Linux system can
work with Chinese words already.
X Window System is a software with powerful environment of graphical user interface under UNIX System. XFree86 is a modified version from MIT X Window System and also freely distributed.
The Chinese X, abbreviated with CXWin, is really a patch of XFree86, making it can show Chinese words under X Window System. Founder of it is srlee. CXWin only support BIG5 code at present, and can let you be possessed of Chinese pop-up menus, of Chinese titles of windows, and of showing Chinese under a variety of window managers and applications.
You can get CXWin 3.3 from this ftp site below:
ftp://linux.cis.nctu.edu.tw/packages/X/Xserver/CXwin/3.3/
If you use XFree86 3.2, you can get the Linux ELF format of version 3.2.
ftp://linux.cis.nctu.edu.tw/packages/chinese/CXwin/binaries/
All you need is to get the corresponding X server. For
example, if your video card is matched with
XF86_SVGA, just take XF86_SVGA.gz home.
XF86_SVGA.gz should work properly on most video
cards.
If you system is compatible with rpm, you can get the newest CXWin 3.3.1 of rpm.
ftp://linux.cis.nctu.edu.tw/packages/X/Xserver/CXwin/3.3.1/
You can get the patches at the same place to compile to binary files by yourself if you've got the sources of XFree86.
Make sure that you have these shared libraries if your choice
is CXWin 3.3 (You can use ldconfig -p for an
observation):
libm.so.5 => /lib/libm.so.5.0.6 libdl.so.1 => /lib/libdl.so.1.7.14 libc.so.5 => /lib/libc.so.5.3.12
If your choice is CXWin 3.2, then you need the libc of version 5.2.18 or newer.
First, unzip the compressed files of gzip.
Duplicate the original X server as a copy as the root identification.# gzip -d XF86_SVGA.gz
Put the decompressed CXWin into the exact place and create the decent symbolic link:# cd /usr/X11R6/bin # mv XF86_SVGA XF86_SVGA_BACKUP
# mv /tmp/XF86_SVGA /usr/X11R6/bin # chown root.bin XF86_SVGA # chmod 4755 XF86_SVGA # ln -sf XF86_SVGA X
If your choice is rpm, then everything is more simple and more compact.
# rpm -Uvv XFree86-SVGA-3.3.1-1c.i386.rpm
CXWin needs the following four BIG5 fonts to work
normally: taipei15, taipei16,
taipeik20 and taipeik24. Install these
Chinese fonts in accordance with the method of next section.
Maybe you have already installed some Chinese fonts; for GB fonts, you can find them out through the next way:
The last five fonts are the previous five ones' aliases. To check the installed BIG5 fonts, using# xlsfonts | grep gb -cclib-song-medium-r-normal--0-0-72-72-c-0-gb2312.1980-1 -cclib-song-medium-r-normal--16-160-72-72-c-160-gb2312.1980-1 -isas-fangsong ti-medium-r-normal--0-0-72-72-c-0-gb2312.1980-0 -isas-fangsong ti-medium-r-normal--16-160-72-72-c-160-gb2312.1980-0 -isas-song ti-medium-r-normal--0-0-72-72-c-0-gb2312.1980-0 -isas-song ti-medium-r-normal--16-160-72-72-c-160-gb2312.1980-0 -isas-song ti-medium-r-normal--24-240-72-72-c-240-gb2312.1980-0 hanzigb13fs hanzigb13st hanzigb16fs hanzigb16st hanzigb24st
You can take all of it from this ftp site# xlsfonts | grep big5 -kc-kai-medium-r-normal-fantizi-0-0-75-75-c-0-big5.eten.3.10-1 -kc-kai-medium-r-normal-fantizi-20-200-75-75-c-200-big5.eten.3.10-1 -kc-kai-medium-r-normal-fantizi-24-240-75-75-c-240-big5.eten.3.10-1 -kc-ming-medium-r-normal-fantizi-0-0-75-75-c-0-big5.eten.3.10-1 -kc-ming-medium-r-normal-fantizi-15-150-75-75-c-160-big5.eten.3.10-1 -kc-ming-medium-r-normal-fantizi-24-240-75-75-c-240-big5.eten.3.10-1 -uw-ming-medium-r-normal-fantizi-0-0-75-75-c-0-big5.eten.3.10-1 -uw-ming-medium-r-normal-fantizi-16-160-75-75-c-160-big5.eten.3.10-1 -uw-ming-medium-r-normal-fantizi-20-200-75-75-c-200-big5.eten.3.10-1 -uw-songti-medium-r-normal-fantizi-0-0-75-75-c-0-big5.eten.3.10-1 -uw-songti-medium-r-normal-fantizi-20-200-75-75-c-200-big5.eten.3.10-1 -uw-songti-medium-r-normal-fantizi-24-240-75-75-c-240-big5.eten.3.10-1
ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/fonts/
if you haven't installed any of them or if you want more of them.
The gb/bdf/ amongst them is a GB font while the
big5/bdf is a BIG5 font.
Assuming that you have already got a BIG5 font,
eb5-24k2.bdf.gz, and a GB font,
gb24st.bdf.gz. What you have to do first is that
changing them into the format of .pcf.
Then install them under# gzip -cd eb5-24k2.bdf.gz | bdftopcf -t > eb5-24k2.pcf # gzip -cd gb24st.bdf.gz | bdftopcf -t > gb24st.pcf # compress *.pcf
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/misc
Now it should contain the following two lines in# mv *.pcf.Z /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/misc/ # cd /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/misc # mkfontdir .
fonts.dir:
You can create other aliases for these fonts for the advantages of saving typing time when using Chinese softwares. Add the two lines ineb5-24k2.pcf.Z -kc-kai-medium-r-normal-fantizi-24-240-75-75-c-240-big5.eten.3.10-1 gb24st.pcf.Z -isas-song ti-medium-r-normal--24-240-72-72-c-240-gb2312.1980-0
fonts.alias,
Next, tell X Server to reload these fonts,gb24st "-isas-song ti-medium-r-normal--24-240-72-72-c-240-gb2312.1980-0" taipeik24 "-kc-kai-medium-r-normal-fantizi-24-240-75-75-c-240-big5.eten.3.10-1"
If everything is fine, you can use the new fonts now:# xset fp rehash
# cxterm -GB -fn 12x24 -fh gb24st &
You can put these fonts into another directory, too, for
instance, /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/chinese. If this
works, you have to add this line /etc/XF86Config to
the Section "Files",
FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/chinese/"
So, when you start X next time, you can use these fonts without any problems.
There is a TTF2BDF program, written by lwj, can let you transform the TTF fonts of Windows into BDF fonts. You can get it from here below:
ftp://linux.cis.nctu.edu.tw/packages/chinese/TTF2BDF.EXEThis is a Win32 program, thus you must execute it on Windows 95 or NT.
Next step is that change BDF into PCF, then you can use it under X. (You can use BDF directly under X; but that BDF carried with bigger sizes means PCF will be a better choice though.)
# bdftopcf -t < ming.bdf > ming.pcf
You may change HBF into BDF and PCF fonts, too. Here is the ftp site for the utility of transformation.
ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/fonts/utils/hbf.tar.gz
# hbftobdf ccfs24.hbf > ccfs24.bdf # bdftopcf -t < ccfs24.bdf > ccfs24.pcf
Other nice font conversion programs are available at:
ftp://crl.nmsu.edu/CLR/multiling/General/ttf2bdf-1.8-ELF.tar.gz
ftp://crl.nmsu.edu/CLR/multiling/General/xmbdfed-3.0.tar.gz
TaBE and B5LE(Big5 Locale Environment) are projects both based on locale for solving the Chinese ability under X. If we can finish them, then the problems coming with Chinese I/O under X can be resolved thoroughly.
The TaBE author, shawn, has been taken for the military service in Taiwan, and the homepage of TaBE had been removed either(so awfully?), so this project has been dead from that time.
Author of B5LE is Thinker < Thinker.bbs@bbs.yzu.edu.tw>. However, the major platform is FreeBSD , though. If someone install B5LE successfully on Linux platform, please let me know about it. The concerned homepage is listed as follows:
http://ftp-cnpa.yzit.edu.tw/~thinker/B5LE/
This section will teach you how to print Chinese documents,
but without the demonstrations of how to set up your printer;
that you have to make it all ready by yourself. Tools introduced
in this section are all for transformations to PostScript format;
hence, you need to set your printer up in order to print
PostScript files. If your printer doesn't support PostScript
directly, you can install
ghostscript
instead. Please refer to
Printing
HOWTO.
cnprint is a printing tool for the purpose of
changing Chinese text files into PostScript format, of which
commands are the same as the standard ones. It supports GB, HZ,
and BIG5 codes simultaneously.
Download it from
ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/print
,
of which name is cnprint280.tar.gz.
cnprint280.tar.gz contains only five files.
Compile it through this way below:# ls cnprint.1 cnprint.cmd cnprint280.README cnprint.c cnprint.help
# gcc cnprint.c -o cnprint # mv cnprint /usr/local/bin # mv cnprint.1 /usr/local/man/man1
HBF fonts includes both description files and fonts files. A
.hbf is the header file describing fonts, with a
texture of plain text, recording the file names of its fonts
files. Both of two files must be installed yourself. You can find
them at
ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/fonts/
.
If you want to use ccfs24.hbf, for example, which
is a sort of simplified Sung-imitated style font, you must obtain
these three following files: ccfs24.hbf,
cclib.n24 and ccsym.24. In the ifcss
fonts directory, 00index.txt lists all HBF fonts'
filenames. Establish a specific directory to store HBF fonts,
just like /usr/local/lib/chinese/HBF/, for instance.
Put all HBF description files and fonts files you've got together
under this directory, then export the complete directory pathname
for HBF out of environmental variables.
# export HBFPATH="/usr/local/lib/chinese/HBF/"
This file cnprint.cmd contains some default
values for cnprint, that you have to fix them up to
point to the HBF fonts you have installed, and then export it to
$HBFPATH.
Now, you can use ``# cp cnprint.cmd $HBFPATH
cnprint -w
FILENAME'' to change Chinese text files into PostScript
files well. For more information in detail, take a look at
man cnprint yourself.
The cnprint 2.80 has been added a great deal of
splendid abilities such as transformations amongst
various code formats, for example, BIG5 <=> GB <=>
HZ. For BIG5 <=> GB, you need another tabulation for
installing, though, which can be found from this following
site:
ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/convert/hc.tabPut it under the fonts directory of HBF, and modify
cnprint.cmd, adding this
DEFAULT_GBB5_TABLEFILE: /usr/local/lib/chinese/HBF/hc.tab
Not only, for BIG5 into GB codes, can the transformation of
cnprint 2.80 against words to words be done,
but also the work against phases to phases. However,
cnprint itself didn't offer the dictionary for
transformations, that means that you have to create a dictionary
yourself if you need one. Please refer to man
cnprint for more details.
The purpose of this small program is to make PostScript files, which could not pork Chinese out to output devices, available for Chinese output. For example, when Netscape is printing files, it will transport files into PostScript formats first; however, the outputs of PostScript won't load Chinese fonts so that the original parts of Chinese words will become disturbed codes to output. This program can read PostScript in, and replace the disturbed codes with corresponding words; afterwards pork the results out to the standard output devices, which the output data can send to the printer that can print PostScript documents.
Pick ps2cps up from this site:
ftp://linux.cis.nctu.edu.tw/packages/chinese/misc/ps2cps-0.1.tgz
Untar and unzip this file, and modify Makefile according to your demands:
BINPATH : Installing pathname for binary ps2cps PS2CPSPATH : Resources files' pathname for PS2CPS PS2CPSRC : Filename of resources files for PS2CPS
Next step is make all install.
You have to install HBF Chinese fonts first according to the
previous section, and then modify your ps2cpsrc
file:
The last item is used for adjustment of Chinese fonts' locations. Some Chinese fonts and the original English fonts may probably not locate on the same horizontal level line, so you can set this variable, of which numeric values ranging from -1.0 to +1.0, activated to adjust it up or down.HBF_PATH: Define the directory pathname of HBF fonts HBF_NAME: Define filenames of HBF fonts(NOT including pathname) CH_WORD_SHIFT: Define shift of Chinese fonts
So, you can use that examples made from the founder to do some tests:
Use# ps2cps thhsieh.ps > c-thhsieh.ps
ghostview to see whether you can
see Chinese words or not.
However, this program is still under beta, there are so many problems waitting for resolving. If you have any questions or recommendations, you can send messages to the author directly: Tung-Han Hsieh < thhsieh@twclx.phys.ntu.edu.tw>.
This is another program which can transform BIG5-based Chinese files into PostScript available for printing(the same as cnprint). But because it uses the TrueType fonts, the output is more beautiful than others. In addition, it has a script which can transform PostScript out of Netscape into Chinese. The author is Chen-Shan Chin < cschin@u.washington.edu>.
Get this software from this web site:
http://weber.u.washington.edu/~cschin/bg2ps/
Decompress and compile it:
# mkdir bg2ps # cd bg2ps # tar xzvf bg5ps.tgz # gcc -O2 ttf2psm.c -o ttf2psm
Install TrueType fonts next. You can install it under the same
directory of bg2ps or can assign another directory for use. Refer
to Installing TTF fonts for more
explanations. Then create a .bg5ps.conf under the
directory, and you can pick directly up the sample file coming
with this program to modify. The most important is to assign the
directory where you installed the TrueType fonts to
chineseFontPath, and rename the content of
fontName to the fonts name you used.
Test the sample coming with it, and view the output as
ghostview or gv.
# ./bg5ps -if test.big5 -of test.ps # ghostview test.ps
The nps2cps has no extra configuration files. You need to
modify yourself chineseFontPath and
fontName in nps2cps script.
Test nps2cps:
# nps2cps < netscape.ps > test.ps # ghostview test.ps
The gb2ps program is another tool for printing GB and HZ codes.
Package:gb2ps.2.02.tar.gz
Put the fonts under certain self-established directory, just like
Fonts:csong24.ccf ckai24.ccf cfang24.ccf chei24.ccf
/usr/local/lib/chinese/CFONT.
Change the settings in Makefile before compiling
gb2ps.
Then type these commands and hit return key,CFONT=/usr/local/lib/chinese/CFONT/ COVERPAGE=/usr/local/lib/chinese/lib/cover.ps
# make # cp gb2ps /usr/local/bin
TeX/LaTeX is a set of printing softwares, of which excellent and elegant output quality have been admiring and adopting out of the academic circles for several years. The CJK is a LaTeX2e macro package, which can let you use CJK (Chinese/Japanese /Korean) literal codes in TeX documents.
You need install TeX/LaTeX first on your Linux system; many Linux distributions have been included teTeX/LaTeX already. If haven't, you could install it by yourself. Please link to teTeX HOWTO for more information.
Obtain CJK 4.1.3 from this site:
ftp://nctuccca.edu.tw/Chinese/ifcss/software/tex/CJK-4.1.3.src.tar.gz
Bring the demanded TTF fonts home:
ftp://nctuccca.edu.tw/Chinese/ifcss/software/fonts/big5/ms-win/
You must have an clear ideal about the teTeX/LaTeX installing
directory, $TEXMF, for example,
/usr/lib/texmf. And I assume that you will use the
ntu_kai.ttf font; if doesn't, make a change to match
it.
$TEXMF/fonts/truetype/chinese.texinput to
$TEXMF/tex/latex, and rename it to
CJK, and create the fonts directory.
# cd 4_1.3/; mv ./texinput $TEXMF/tex/latex/CJK # mkdir -p $TEXMF/fonts/tfm/chinese/ntukai # mkdir $TEXMF/ttf2pk # mkdir $TEXMF/hbf2gf
patch command to append
*.diff under 4_1.3/doc/teTeX upon
these following files:
For instance:/usr/bin/MakeTeX* $TEXMF/web2c/texmf.cnf $TEXMF/fontname/special.map
According to the enormous TeX versions, your action with# cd /usr/bin # patch -s < 4_1.3/doc/teTeX/MakeTeXPK.diff
patch may fail perhaps. If so, you
need to do it manually by yourself to patch these parts of
failure( the portions of failure will record in
.rej). If you don't understand the theory of
patch well, you had better get someone
experienced to help you.
bg5conv
Because there are some codes in BIG5 TeX documents may contain# cd 4_1.3/utils/Bg5conv; gcc -o bg5conv bg5conv.c # chmod 755 bg5latex # cp bg5conv bg5latex /usr/local/bin/ # gzip bg5conv.1; cp bg5conv.1.gz /usr/local/man/man1/
{, },
& and so forth, which are the specific
tokens to TeX , the bg5conv can change this
codes into certain format that can let TeX manipulate.
ttf2pk, which can change
TrueType fonts into TeX's pk fonts.
# cd 4_1.3/utils/ttf2pk/src # make all OS=unix # cp ttf2pk /usr/local/bin/ # cd .. # cp config/ttf2pk.cfg $TEXMF/ttf2pk/ # gzip ttf2pk.1; cp ttf2pk.1.gz /usr/local/man/man1/ # cp c00kai.fd $TEXMF/tex/latex/CJK/Bg5/ # cp MakeTTFPK /usr/local/bin
c00kair.fd file under
$TEXMF/tex/latex/CJK/Bg5/:
\def\fileversion{4.1.0}
\def\filedate{1996/11/20}
\ProvidesFile{c00kair.fd}[\filedate\space\fileversion]
% traditional Chinese characters in Big 5 encoding scheme.
% font shape: kai
% ntu_kai.ttf is Kai3 Shu1 ("model book")
\DeclareFontFamily{C00}{kair}{}
\DeclareFontShape{C00}{kair}{m}{n}{<-> CJK * ntukar}{}
\DeclareFontShape{C00}{kair}{bx}{n}{<-> CJKb * ntukar}{\CJKbold}
\endinput
texconfig:
# texconfig rehash # texconfig hyphen
# cd 4_1.3/examples # bg5latex Big5.tex (See if there is a Big5.dvi appeared ?) # xdvi Big5.dvi (Can you see Chinese? Of course, in X mode) # dvips Big5.dvi -o Big5.ps (Change to PostScript format) # ghostview Big5.ps (View it as ghostview) # lpr Big5.ps (Send it to printers, see if there are Chinese printed.)
Big5vert.tex file under examples to
repeat those previous procedures.For example, if you want to change to the Ming style font
ntu_mm.ttf, then
$TEXMF/fonts/truetype/chinese.$TEXMF/ttf2pk/ttf2pk.cfg:
ntumm: -e Big5 $TEXMF/fonts/truetype/chinese/ntu_mm.ttf ntummr: -r 1 -e Big5 $TEXMF/fonts/truetype/chinese/ntu_mm.ttf
c00ming.fd file:
# cd 4_1.3/utils/ttf2pk # cp c00ming.fd $TEXMF/tex/latex/CJK/Bg5/
texconfig again.4_1.3/examples/Big5.tex, and then repeat this
steps, bg5latex, xdvi,
dvips and so on, to see if the results correct or
not.c00mingr.fd file
listed as follows, and then change kair to mingr in
Big5vert.tex file, and repeat tests processes.
\def\fileversion{4.1.0}
\def\filedate{1996/11/20}
\ProvidesFile{c00kair.fd}[\filedate\space\fileversion]
\DeclareFontFamily{C00}{mingr}{}
\DeclareFontShape{C00}{mingr}{m}{n}{<-> CJK * ntummr}{}
\DeclareFontShape{C00}{mingr}{bx}{n}{<-> CJKb * ntummr}{\CJKbold}
\endinput
The dominant difference between Chinese CJK TeX documents and general LaTeX ones is that:
fs fonts' name must be defined in
c00fs.fd).
\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage{CJK}
\begin{document}
\begin{CJK*}{Bg5}{kai}
\section{first section}
\section{second section}
Paragraphs, sections, pictures, tables, references and so forth...
...
\end{CJK*}
\end{document}
Developed by professor Chen Hung-Yih < yih@math.ncu.edu.tw>. Operations with the ChiTeX are easy enough just like the English TeX, apart from some special instructions.
From here, you can find its vestige:
ftp://dongpo.math.ncu.edu.tw/tex-archive/local/chitex/chitex/Linux/
You should know what's the version of TeX installed on your Linux.. On older system, the installed one usually is NTeX while on newer one, it will be always teTeX . How to tell which TeX you've installed, teTeX or NTeX, on your Linux System. Just run the TeX. If the monitor appears
, then it is teTeX. Otherwise,This is TeX, Version 3.14159
It is NTeX. Download the exact ChiTeX corresponding to your version of TeX.This is TeX, Version 3.1415N
It is simple to install ChiTeX. Just put
chitex60.tgz(teTeX) or
chitexN.tgz(NTeX) and fonts1.tgz,
fonts2.tgz under /usr/local. And
decompress chitex60.tgz to execute setup program
csetup.
# tar zxvf chitex60.tgz # cd chitex60 # ./csetup
If you are using Red Hat 5.0, you may install the rpm package I made:
ftp://ftp.phys.ntu.edu.tw/pub/os/linux/rpm/chitex-6.0.7-1.i386.rpm
You can install Chinese TrueType fonts for ChiTeX.
$TEXMF/fonts/chinese/ttf.$TEXMF/tex/chinese/chitex.fdf, and add a
new line:
In it, the\choosechfont{fontname}{filename}
filename is the fonts'
names erased the .ttf part, and
\fontname is the macro that you can use for this
font in your document. For example, if you want to use a font
named avntmv.ttf, put a line
\choosechfont{ming}{avntmv}, and use the macro
\ming to use the font avntmv.ttf.
chitex.fdf, there were several fonts defined;
thus, if you want to install these fonts, you don't have to
change chitex.fdf any more.
\kai ----> ntukai.ttf \li ----> ntuli.ttf \mr ----> ntumr.ttf \fs ----> ntufs.ttf
Now, you can take the samples enclosed with ChiTeX to test:
# chilatex math2.tex (Compiling) # xdvi math2 (pre-viewing) # dvips math2 (Changing to PostScript file) # ghostview math2.ps (Using ghostview to view the output)
You can also write a small document to test the new installed fonts:
\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\begin{document}
\ming
This is a test(You should type these words in Chinese).
\end{document}
For more information, please refer to the homepage of professor Chen.
http://www.math.ncu.edu.tw/yih/intro.htm
The Dtop is a Chinese printing software for the UNIX platform, developed by the Behavior Design Corporation. In early November, 1995, it released the version of v1.4, which was composite of five various platforms, simultaneously. The Linux beta version provided the users with a trial of free and endless expiration, which has created another nice Chinese environment for Linux fans. However, the formal version is late for publishing until now due to the tiny scope of business market. It seems that this had been ceased to develop.
The beta version of Dtop for Linux can download from each school's ftp site:
There are three sub-directories saying respectively,
Storage for binary files and data files of Dtop, which can divide into three major files. After decompressing all files, the disk space demanded is about 40MB.
Storage for related documents of Dtop, which are stored as the file format defined by Dtop. Users can read this papers through this beta version directly.
Storage of references for X version of Dtop, which are stored as the file format defined by Dtop. The X version can access through Linux, IBM AIX, HP-UX, Sun 4.1.x, and Solaris directly.
The hardware required is something like this: CPU 486 DX-33 or later, RAM 16MB or larger, 50MB disk space or so. If there is no enough memory on your system, you will get nuts someday.
Decompress all the files under dtop.linux to a
self-selected directory, for example,
/usr/local/dtop.
Before implementing it, you must first set environment
variable $DTOPHOME, which is the directory that
preparing to install Dtop. The $DTOPTMP is a
temporary directory for Dtop, which is usually /tmp.
The XAPPLRESDIR is the directory for resources files
of Dtop, which is set at $DTOPHOME/user .
# export DTOPHOME=/usr/local/dtop # export DTOPTMP=/tmp # export XAPPLRESDIR=DTOPHOME/user
You need to set the Chinese fonts directory used by Dtop.
# xset fp+ $DTOPHOME/pcf.chn
Finally, you have to configure the Keysym matching table
caused by the matching between Keysym and Keycode under X
different from workstations. The Keysyms of
BackSpace and Delete, for example, are
all matching to the same Keycode under X, regarding the behavior
of BackSpace as the Delete's in reality
. To solve this problem, the Dtop creates a Keysym file, locating
under $DTOPHOME/user of which filename is
dtop_keysym.linux. After starting X, invoke the
command,
# xmodmap dtop_keysym.linux
Another solution is that invoke commands directly on shell:
# xmodmap -e "keycode 22 = BackSpace" # xmodmap -e "keycode 107 = Delete"
When everything is ready, you can execute Dtop.
# $DTOPHOME/bin/dtop14
You may read all the on-line references enclosed in Dtop for more detailed introductions.
The ChinesePower is a Far-East Editor running under X, which is easy and classified as WYSIWYG. It supports BIG5, GB, Japanese and Korean mixed inputs, and the printing and displaying PostScript format. It can generate GIF graphics of seven colors for documents, which is adequate for Chinese homepages. ChinesePower uses HBF or TTF fonts.
You can get it from,
ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/x-win/editor/chpower-2.0.tar.gz
To compile Chinese Power, you will need HBF fonts and Motif
libraries. At first, modify Makefile to fit your
system, then
After making step, it will generate binary executable files. Then export environment variables:# make
# export HBFPATH=/usr/local/lib/chinese/HBF/ # export TTFPATH=/usr/local/lib/chinese/TTF/ # export HZINPUTDIR=/usr/local/lib/chinese/dict/ # export CHPOWERPATH=path_of_chinesepower
This is developed by wycc < wycc@iis.sinica.edu.tw> , which can make simple printing for Chinese documents. Relative information is locating at
http://formosa.iis.sinica.edu.tw/~wycc/
JOE is a free and professional ASCII codes' editor operated on
UNIX platform, which is just like other text editors on IBM PC.
To use Chinese in JOE, you have to modify .joerc
under your home directory. Refer to the homepage for details:
http://www.neto.net/~bv1al/linux/cjoe.html
CJOE is a Chinese version of JOE. Get it from here below:
ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/editor/cjoe-2.8.tgz
It is very simple to compile and install. Unless you want to change locations of binary or man page files, or just follows the steps below:
# make # make install
Celvis is a vi/ex-like editor on UNIX, which is almost supporting all instructions that vi/ex has. You can edit articles including Chinese and English by using Celvis. Simultaneously, it also supports GB2312-80 and BIG5 codes.
You can get it from here below,
ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/editor/celvis-1.3.tar.gz
Decompress it,
You need to change# tar zxvf celvis-1.3.tar.gz # cd celvis
tmp.c, erasing 93-95
lines.
#if OS9
if we don't have write permission...
#endif
Because its# cp Makefile.s5 Makefile # make install
Makefile is not for Linux
particularly, you may see many warning message while compiling
and linking; however, don't mention it, just keep it away. After
it is done, the celvis will be installed under
/usr/local/bin.
cvim is a Chinese patch program out of vim-4.2, including some
features like vi but has no track in celvis-1.3, such as line
number, circling lines and large files' editions. You can take
vim-4.2-Chinese-patch and
vim-4.2.tar.gz: from here,
ftp://ftp.csie.nctu.edu.tw/pub/Unix/Chinese/cvimUntar and unzip following the steps below:
# tar -xvzf vim-4.2.tar.gz # cd vim-4.2/src # patch < ../../vim-4.2-Chinese-patch
Change vim-4.2/src/feature.h to fit your
requires. It is simple to compile and install, that is,
# make # make install
he was a famous editor on DOS, and is a diversion of Linux version. But this is a shareware program, limited with a hundred lines' edition.
Obtain it from here,
ftp://linux.cis.nctu.edu.tw/packages/he_linux/he_linux.tar.Z
Login as root,
# cd / # decompress he_linux.tar.Z # tar xvf he_linux.tar
Refer to /usr/lib/he/notes2.2,
/usr/lib/he/chap15 and
/usr/lib/he/appendix for more simple
illustrations.
Hztty can make transformations among various Chinese codes.
Decompress hztty-2.0.tar.gz first.
After compilation, move the binary file# tar -xvzf hztty-2.0.tar.gz # cd hztty-2.0 # make linux
hztty to the directory bin, and move
man pages to the directory man.
Please refer to the on-line manual of hztty to use it.# mv hztty /usr/local/bin # chmod 555 /usr/local/bin/hztty # cp hztty.1 /usr/local/man/man1 # chmod 444 /usr/local/man/man1/hztty.1
This is another tool, like hztty, using for reading Chinese on kterm or pxvt. Get it at this site:
ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/convert/ktty1.3.tar.gz
However, it cannot be compiled on Linux, that you need use the
``tty.c'' in hztty-2.0.tar.gz and add
the two lines to it.
Then, you can make it work.linux: ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} DEFINES='-DPOSIX -DSYSV -DUSE_SYSV_UTMP' ${PROG}
# make linux
Cemacs, using the GNU Emacs to show and edit Chinese files, has to run Emacs under Chinese virtual terminals while CCHELP is a system of providing Chinese assistant messages. After installed CCHELP, you can slip mouse to any Chinese word and click it without loosing, then there coming out with the messages about that word , including its pronunciation, English explanation and so forth. It supports both GB and BIG5 codes.
You can get them from this site:
ftp://ftp.math.psu.edu/pub/simpson/chinese/
Install cemacs and cchelp in accordance with the README file.
The MULE is an abbreviation of MULtilingual Enhancement to GNU Emacs. In simplicity, it adds some materials to GNU Emacs to make it dealing with multi-languages(encoding systems). It encodes the encoding system of multi bytes again in its inner mechanism; hence, a piece of paper can simultaneously use Chinese(BIG5 and GB), Japanese, Korean, English, Thai, and so on.
You can get mule-2.3.tar.gz and patch
mule-2.3+lx.diff.gz for Linux:
ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/distributions/je/sources/mule/
If your system is Red Hat Linux, you can take
mule-2.3-1.i386.rpm,
mule-common-2.3-1.i386.rpm and
mule-elispsrc-2.3-1.i386.rpm:
ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/distributions/redhat/contrib/contrib-2.0.x/RPMS/
Decompress packed files and add the patch in.
If you want to rectify the out-looking of mule to fit your taste, read# tar -xvzf mule-2.3.tar.gz # patch < mule-2.3+lx.diff # cd mule-2.3/ # ./configure "i386-*-linux" --with-x11 --with-x-toolkit --with-gcc
INSTALL file, please. And run
``./configure --help''. Then, correct
``src/Makefile'', changing ``-lcurses''
to ``-lncurses''. Then,
Default installing directory is# make # make install
/usr/local.
If you have already installed fonts, you can use mule to enter and show Chinese. Most fonts are 16 or 24 points, so you can:
or# mule -fn 8x16 &
According to# mule -fn 12x24 &
M-x load-library RETURN chinese
RETURN . ``Ctrl-]'' to shift inputs.
This is a program of conversion for BIG5 and GB codes. Get it at this site:
ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/convert/hc-30.tar.gzDecompress and install it:
# tar zxvf hc-30.tar.gz # cd hc3 # make # mv hc /usr/local/bin # mv hc.tab /usr/local/lib/chinese # mv hc.1 /usr/local/man/man1
For converting GB into BIG5 , using
hc -m g2b -t /usr/local/lib/chinese/hc.tab < INPUT_FILE > OUTPUT_FILE
For exchanging BIG5 into GB, using
hc -m b2g -t /usr/local/lib/chinese/hc.tab < INPUT_FILE > OUTPUT_FILE
You can write a shell script to simplify that instructions.
The ctin a news reader of all complete Chinese messages. Get it from here,
ftp://linux.cis.nctu.edu.tw/packages/chinese/ctin/ctin-970625.src.bin.tgz
Set environment variables $NNTPSERVER first to
export to the news server that you want to link before executing
ctin.
Then run# export NNTPSERVER=netnews.ntu.edu.tw
tin.
You can find several small tools capable of showing Chinese,
such as cuptime, cw,
cless, cwrite, cytalk, and
so forth.
ftp://ftp.vit.edu.tw/unix/linux/chinese/
Netscape 2.0 or later support both BIG5 and GB codes, which have already discussed on several homepages. To display Chinese in Netscape, there are three steps:
netscape, and configure Document
Encoding as Traditional Chinese (Big5) or
Simplified Chinese.
Options/Document Encoding/....View/Encoding/....Options/General Preferences/Fonts.Edit/Preferences.../Appearance/Fonts.Fixed(HKU) Size 16.0, which is causing from the
settings in
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/app-defaults/Netscape. Assuming
that you have the following BIG5 fonts:
Add one line to# xlsfonts | grep big5 -hku-fixed-medium-r-normal--0-0-72-72-c-0-big5.hku-0 -hku-fixed-medium-r-normal--16-160-72-72-c-160-big5.hku-0 -kc-kai-medium-r-normal-fantizi-0-0-75-75-c-0-big5.eten.3.10-1 -kc-kai-medium-r-normal-fantizi-20-200-75-75-c-200-big5.eten.3.10-1 -kc-kai-medium-r-normal-fantizi-24-240-75-75-c-240-big5.eten.3.10-1 -kc-ming-medium-r-normal-fantizi-0-0-75-75-c-0-big5.eten.3.10-1 -kc-ming-medium-r-normal-fantizi-15-150-75-75-c-160-big5.eten.3.10-1 -kc-ming-medium-r-normal-fantizi-24-240-75-75-c-240-big5.eten.3.10-1
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/app-defaults/Netscape
Then, Netscape can use these fonts well.*documentFonts.charset*big5.eten.3.10-1: x-x-big5
Another solution is to name aliases for your fonts's names:
Adding aliases in the fonts.alias file(create it
yourself if there is no such a file) under your fonts
directory.
-big5-taipeik-medium-r-normal--16-160-72-72-c-160-big5.hku-1 taipei16 -big5-taipeik-medium-r-normal--20-200-72-72-c-200-big5.hku-1 taipeik20 -big5-taipeik-medium-r-normal--24-240-72-72-c-240-big5.hku-1 taipeik24
The fonts filenames, like taipeik20, are that you
need to give aliases to them. After modification, do
to reload fonts's names to make them available.# xset fp rehash
You may find that the sizes of Chinese and English are out of proportion in homepages of Chinese-English languages(such as too small English words), which is the reason that what you've selected for English fonts and Chinese fonts is unbalanced at the magnitude. Go back to the configuration for fonts, and select Western(iso-8859-1). Then, in your opinion, change the size of English fonts to make it perfect in proportions.
Because defaults of sendmail 8.8.x will encode
all 8-bit mails first before sending them out, which may or may
not reduce influences to those receiver. (Refer to
Next Sub-Section for solutions). Most
hosts can directly send 8-bit mails now, so you had better
re-compile sendmail and close the encoding
ability.
ftp://ftp.sendmail.org/ucb/src/sendmail/
Makefile:
Add# tar zxvf sendmail-8.8.8.tar.gz # cd src/Makefiles # chmod u+w Makefile.Linux # vi Makefile.Linux
-DMIME8TO7=0 after
CFLAGS+=.
sendmail:
# cd .. # ./makesendmail all install
sendmail process:
# kill -9 `head -1 /var/run/sendmail.pid`
sendmail:
# /usr/sbin/sendmail -bd -q1h
procmail is an electronic mail filter, which can
manipulate mails first before storing them into your mailbox, for
example, classification for mails and so on. Though, I want to
teach you how to make use of procmail to uncode the
encoded ones into pure text files and how to convert the various
encoded mails into common encoding you used here.
Create .procmailrc file under your home
directory, listed as follows:
# To avoid accidents, store mails before using procmail.
# You can filter mails to ensure which mail doesn't need to duplicate
# by, for example, MAILER-DAEMON.
:0 c
* !^From.*MAILER-DAEMON
mail/procmail-backup
# Uncode mails encoded by quoted-printable or base64.
:0
* ^Content-Type: *text/plain
{
:0 fbw
* ^Content-Transfer-Encoding: *quoted-printable
| mimencode -u -q
:0 Afhw
| formail -I "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit" \
-I "X-Mimed-Autoconverted: quoted-printable to 8bit by procmail"
:0 fbw
* ^Content-Transfer-Encoding: *base64
| mimencode -u -b
:0 Afhw
| formail -I "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit" \
-I "X-Mimed-Autoconverted: base64 to 8bit by procmail"
}
# Here will judge whether a mail is GB codes or not; if it is, convert it
# into BIG5 codes. If you want to convert BIG5 codes into GB codes, you
# need to exchange big5 with gb2312 and replace 'hc -m b2g' with 'hc -m g2b'.
:0
* ^Content-Type:.*text/plain;.*charset=gb2312
{
:0 fw
| hc -m b2g -t /usr/local/lib/chinese/hc.tab
:0 Afhw
| formail -I "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=big5" \
-I "X-Charset-Autoconverted: gb2312 to big5 by procmail"
}
# Store mails into mailbox.
:0:
${ORGMAIL}
In this case, integrating with mimencode,
formail to decode mails, and use
hc
to convert GB codes mails into
BIG5 codes mails. Thus, you have to install these tools in order
to use procmail.
Eventually, rectify your .forward file.
Notes: change the"|IFS=' ' && exec /usr/bin/procmail -f- ~/.procmailrc ||exit 75 #login"
login as your
login name.
If you can access Chinese on your own machine, but cannot
access Chinese while telnet to other machines, then the problems
may cause from telnet itself. When telnet is being
under connection, you can press Ctrl-] to jump out
temporarily, and enter set binary at the prompt of
telnet> to assure the fully transmission of bits.
You can also use telnet -8 to make connections (but
it seems won't work for some sites...?). Another more simple
method is to use directly a 8-bit telnet program.
Download the binary file from here:
ftp://linux.cis.nctu.edu.tw/packages/chinese/misc/
less itself can display Chinese directly; just
set the following environment variable can Chinese display:
# export LESSCHARSET=latin1
Pine of version 3.95 later can support reading and entering
Chinese mails. As you execute pine, select
SETUP/Config in feature list, choose
this(hit X):
[X] enable-8bit-esmtp-negotiation [X] enable-8bit-nntp-posting
Then, hit C on character-set, and
change its value to big5 or gb2312. Finally, hit E
to escape and store this change.
You can also install the cpine capable of showing Chinese messages:
ftp://ftp.vit.edu.tw/unix/linux/chinese/cpine-3.91.bin.tgz
ftp://linux.cis.nctu.edu.tw/packages/network/samba/samba-1.9.17p5.tar.gz
ftp://linux.cis.nctu.edu.tw/packages/chinese/samba-big5-patch/samba-1.9.17p2-BIG5-patch-0.gz
# tar zxvf samba-1.9.17p5.tar.gz # cd samba-1.9.17p5/source # zcat samba-1.9.17p2-BIG5-patch-0.gz | patch -s
Lynx v2.7 can view
Chinese homepages directly. Execute lynx, and press
O)ption / C)haracter set, and then
choose Taipei(Big5) by arrow keys, and finally press
'>' to store this set.
Use the switch -l to start minicom,
then you can see Chinese in minicom.
If you type Chinese in your .plan but can't be
saw by others, this is probably caused by the inability of
fingerd to send out 8-bit Chinese words. Get
cfingerd from this site:
ftp://nctuccca.edu.tw/OS/Linux/packages/network/finger/cfingerd-1.3.2.tar.gz
Decompress it and execute ./Configure, then
implement make all .
Then, modify /etc/inetd.conf, changing the
original finger to:
finger stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd /usr/sbin/in.cfingerd
Let inetd read the configuration file again:
# kill -HUP `cat /var/run/inetd.pid`
The TinTin++ is not a Chinese software but just a useful tool when playing Chinese mud.You can download it from this place:
ftp://ftp.princeton.edu/pub/tintin++
Here are some Chinese mud sites:
FengYun fengyun.com 5555 Xi You Ji 129.105.79.24 6905 Xia ke Xing 207.76.64.2 5555
If you have known some projects else about Chinese Linux, please tell me about it”D
CLDP is now abandoned itself to translating Linux HOWTO documents, locating at http://www.linux.org.tw/CLDP/. CLDP has a mailing list ldp-trans@linux.org.tw. Its purposes are:
If you want to join us, please send a mail contented(not
titled) with subscribe to
ldp-trans-request@linux.org.tw
For more advanced explanations of this mailing list, please send
a mail contented with info to the upper address. If
you want to know the usage of mailing list, send a mail contented
with help to the same address. If there is any
suggestion or suspicion to the mailing list, please write to
ldp-trans-approval@linux.org.tw”D
If you are willing to contribute your own power, please join with this mailing list.
This is established for a Chinese environment of Linux, originated by cdchen. This is still under the period of setting, waiting for everyone's all efforts.
Homepage of this project is at http://chinese.linux.org.tw/ which is responsible for formal announcements; and it provides discussions of problems, suggestions and criticisms, delivering ourselves of achievements and so forth.
Here are some websites for Chinese Linux information. If you have others not listed here, tell me about that, please.
BIG5
If you have any problem, you can post you question here, using Chinese is ok, too. However, make sure that this question is still unknown or hasn't answered in related documents or HOWTO, or repeat some FAQs are absolutely not popular with these places.
Answer: This question is quite ambiguous, though. I cannot tell which condition that you have met? If you can not enter Chinese on console's shell, refer to the section Chinese Input Problems for detailed.
Or that you cannot enter Chinese in an editor, it is possible that your editor doesn't support Chinese. Please refer to the section Useful Chinese Softwares to install Chinese-supported editors.
If this is matched at the period of telnet, then refer to the
section
telnet
for more
explanations.
Answer: The NTU TFF fonts is compressed with arj format
and divided it into several files for the convenience of putting
it into floppy disks, causing that decompression is a little
trifling. If you want ntu_kai.ttf font, for example,
you must take ntu_kai.arj, ntu_kai.a01,
ntu_kai.a02, and ntu_kai.a03 home.
Assuming that you have an arj tool of DOS version, put
these four files altogether under the same directory and invoke
this commands to decompress:
C:\> arj x -va -y ntu_kai
If you want to decompress them on Linux, you must use
unarj to unarj them one by one, and then use
cat to concatenate them together:
# unarj e ntu_kai.arj ; mv ntu_kai.ttf ntu_kai.ttf0 # unarj e ntu_kai.a01 ; mv ntu_kai.ttf ntu_kai.ttf1 # unarj e ntu_kai.a02 ; mv ntu_kai.ttf ntu_kai.ttf2 # unarj e ntu_kai.a03 ; mv ntu_kai.ttf ntu_kai.ttf3 # cat ntu_kai.ttf* > ntu_kai.ttf
Answer: To install CXWin will solve this problem. Refer to CXWin for detailed.
Answer: If you could not see any Chinese on all homepages, then you might probably not install Chinese fonts, or haven't make Netscape settled. Refer to the section Netscape.
But if you can see Chinese on most parts of Chinese homepages,
only on some websites could see disturbed codes, then this may
not be your private problems. A little websites take Frontpage to
generate homepages, and their language encoding is
x-x-big5 not general big5.
This wil make all browsers except IE cannot identify this encoding, which just a bad trick adopted by Microsoft to fulfill its ambitions to occupy the market of browsers. To solve this problem, send a mail to the administrator of that site, telling them there are other browsers except IE all over the world. If they want to manage it perpetually, they should correct that unusual encoding to normal one.
Of course, if you have better solutions, please let me know of it.
Answer: Install xcin+XA. Refer to this section XA.
Answer:
ttf2pk has the same name
for both ChiTeX and CJK, then it could cause certain problems. A
solution to this is that define the $PATH variable
in each shell script, respectively, to point to the correct
locations of ttf2pk. (Thanks to professor Chen
Hung-Yih..)
Warnning”GMost pre-compiled Linux executable files are out-of-date and cannot use normally.
****
UNIX
****
========
UNIX:BBS
========
software: Phoenix BBS
version : 4.0, 1995.08.31
function: o UNIX platform multi-user BBS system,
o discussion boards, private email
o multichannel chat, one-to-one chat
o Internet Email, News gateway,
o 0Announce : Gopher-like information query interface.
o fine tuned to allow more than 256 users on-line
o configurable menu, screen display
o Chinese message
URL : ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/bbs/PhoenixBBS-4.0.tar.gz
author : Ji-Tzay Yang, Ming-Feng Chen, Tzung-Yu Wen
============
UNIX:C-UTILS
============
software: addpy
version : 1.0
function: To annotate Pinyin to rare Hanzi and a portion of
randomly selected common Hanzi. Both GB (simplified) and
Big5 (traditional) versions. Based on statistics derived
from huge Chinese corpus and well prepared hazni-freq-pinyin
tables. Source code and raw data provided.
URL : ftp://ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/c-utils/addpy.tar.gz
filename: README.addpy, b5addpy.l, gbaddpy.l, b5addpy.dat,
gbaddpy.dat, makefile
author : Guo Jin
software: rm4mat
version : n/a
function: remove formating codes for printing in some GB files
URL : ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/c-utils/rm4mat.c
author : Chenghong Wang
software: mail_hxwz
version : 1.1
function: It extracts HXWZ from your mail (Suppose you are subscribing
it). It is a Bourne shell program which works on most Unix
systems. It can rerun itself every Friday automatically.
URL : ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/c-utils/mail_hxwz
author : Yaoen Zhang
software: auto_get_hxwz
Version : 1.2
Function: It gets the current issue of HXWZ in GB or postscipt format.
It also process and print these files, and do the clean up.
It save your time and server machine time.
URL : ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/c-utils/auto_get_hxwz
author : Yaoen Zhang
software: Chinese less
version : 290, 1995.5.25
function: Browse BIG5 and GB text files
URL : ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/c-utils/cless-290.tar.gz
author : Paul W. Shew
comment : requires a chinese terminal, like cxterm.
software: cscreen
version : 3.2b
function: This is a modified screen to minic ETen in cxterm.
After you run cscreen in cxterm, it will intercept
every key movement and examine if the current
screen postion has a Chinese char. If it has,
auto-key movements will be made accordingly.
URL : ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/c-utils/cscreen-3.2b.tar.gz
author : Shih-Kun Huang
software: ytalk
version : 3.0.2c6
function: ytalk-3.02c provides better compatibility for DEC's
workstations, two-byte refresh for terminal like cxterm, and
capable of passing character code 254, internally used as erase
function in ytalk-3.0; Compatible with ytalk-3.0, cytalk-3.0,
cytalk-3.0.2, ytalk-3.02c0/1/2/3/4/5, that is, you can still use
Delete, or Backspace key. If both ends use ytalk-3.02c4, the code
254 is transparent, you can use more Chinese words to talk to
others.
URL : ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/c-utils/ytalk-3.0.2c6.tar.gz
author : Sze-Yao Ni
software: lunar
version : 2.1
function: conversion program between Solar and Chinese lunar calendars;
calculation of birthday in "4-column" astrology as well
URL : ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/c-utils/lunar-2.1.tar.gz
author : Ricky Yeung and Fung Fung Lee
comment : can output GB code, bitmap, or just ASCII
software: DateStar - Chinese Calendar Producer
version : 1.1
function: Displays Chinese and western calendar in
ASCII code, BIG-5 code (Hongkong, Taiwan),
GuoBiao code (PRC Standard), and HZ code (Network)
Prints on two most popular laser printers
PostScript laser printers, and
HP LaserJet (PCL) printers
Generates four different format
Yearly calendar, Monthly calendar,
One-page Weekly calendar, and Two-page Weekly calendar
Shows calendar with 24 Solar Terms (JieQi),
the Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches
(TianGan DiZhi Eight Characters)
Supports user defined annotations
Applicable from year 1841 through to 2060
URL : ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/c-utils/datestar-1.1.tar.gz
author : Youzhen Cheng
comment : UNIX version works on SUN Workstation with SUN OS 4.1.x
see /software/dos/c-utils for DOS version
software: pull
version : 2.9, 1996.4.7
function: 1. Extracts the original file(s) from uuencoded/compressed/split
file(s).
a) uudecode a file and display the name of its decoded file
b) decompress .zz (= .gz/.Z/.zip) file
c) uudecode + decompress
d) uudecode + cat (concatenate) + gunzip
2. Packs file. Reverse the above `extracting' process.
compresses, (splits), then encodes file(s)
URL : ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/utils/pull.c.gz
author : Yao Li
software: utf-utils
version : 15 Oct 1993.
function: some utility programs for manipulating Unicode/ISO-10646 text
in the FSS-UTF encoding.
URL : ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/c-utils/utf-utils.tar.gz
author : Ross Paterson
software: gbfmt
version : 1.0
function: GB formatting with variable line width, GB<->HZ
URL : ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/c-utils/gbformat.tar.gz
author : Dongxiao Yue (http://www.cs.umn.edu/~dyue/wiihist/gbfmt.html)
===========
UNIX:EDITOR
===========
software: celvis
version : 1.3
function: vi editor with Chinese handling capabilities.
Most run on some Chinese terminal, e.g. cxterm, or IBM-PC with
some kind of Chinese DOS. Work exactly like Unix vi editor,
except that it side-scrolls long lines instead of wrapping.
URL : ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/editor/celvis.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.cs.purdue.edu/pub/ygz
author : Man-Chi Pong, Yongguang Zhang
comment : comments, bug-reports, modifications to: c-elvis@cs.purdue.edu
software: Chinese JOE (Joe's Own Editor)
version : 2.8c
function: Chinese BIG5 localized text screen editor. The key sequences are
remeniscent of WordStar and TURBO-PASCAL. Makes full use of
termcap/terminfo, is designed to work well over slow networks and
low baud rate modems, and has the best features of vi. Most
useful for editing unformatted text, such as USENET news articles
and for editing block-structured languages such as C and PASCAL.
URL : ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/editor/joe2.8_c.tar.gz
author : <u8222034@cc.nctu.edu.tw>
============
UNIX:CONVERT
============
software: cn2jp
version : 1.3.2, 1996.4.11
function: code conversion routines for Chinese and Japanese
URL : ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/convert/cn2jp1.3.2.tar.gz
author : Seke Wei
software: ktty
version : 1.3, 1996.4.11
function: This is a kanji terminal translator among Chinese and Japanese.
It allows online translation of codes so that you can view a
specific code real time using your Chinese or Japanese terminal.
It runs on Unix and is derived from the 'hztty' package
URL : ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/convert/ktty1.3.tar.gz
author : Seke Wei
software: code1
version : 1.3, 1996.4.11
function: This is a multilingual file browser for Chinese and Japanese.
It runs on Unix and allows browsing of files in various codes
using a Chinese or Japanese terminal.
URL : ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/convert/code1.3.tar.gz
author : Seke Wei
software: HUG program
version : 1.0, 1995.5.20
function: Converting between HZ, Uudecode/uuencode, GB codes
URL : ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/convert/shug.osf.zip
ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/convert/shug.sun4.zip
author : Yinrong Huang
software: hztty
version : 2.0 Jan 29, 1994
Function: This program turns a tty session from one encoding to another.
For example, running hztty on cxterm can allow you to read/write
Chinese in HZ format, which was not supported by cxterm.
If you have many applications in different encodings but your
favor terminal program only supports one, hztty can make life easy.
For example, hztty can your GB cxterm into a HZ terminal, a
Unicode (16bit, or UTF8, or UTF7) terminal, or a Big5 terminal.
URL : ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/convert/hztty-2.0.tar.gz
author : Yongguang Zhang
software: EHZ
version : 2.0
function: Conversion among GB/BIG5/CNS and EHZ-BIG5/GB/CNS.
Patch to hztty to support EHZ-BIG5/GB/CNS.
URL : ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/convert/EHZ-2.0.tar.gz
author : Ricky Yeung
comment : Also contains the EHZ spec and Fung Fung Lee's EHZ-BIG5-CNS spec.
software: b5cns
version : prototype
function: functions to convert Big5 <-> CNS
URL : ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/convert/b5cns.tar.gz
author : Ross Paterson
software: c2t
version : n/a
function: converts GB or BIG5 coded chinese to _pinyin_
URL : ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/convert/c2t.tar.gz
authors : Tommi Kaikkonen and Katya Ta
software: BeTTY/CCF/B5Encode package
version : 1.534, 1995.03.22
function: a chinese code conversion package for codes widely used
in Taiwan and the GB code widely used in Mainland, plus
a 7-bit Big5 encoding method (B5Encode3/B5E3, an extension
to HZ encoding for GB),
including off-line converters (CCF/Chinese Code Filters and
B5E/B5Encode) and an on-line converter (BeTTY) which simulates
your native chinese terminal to become aware of the coding
systems widely used in Taiwan and GB, HZ encoding.
URL : ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/convert/BeTTY-1.534.tar.gz
ftp://hermes.ee.nthu.edu.tw/shin/betty/BeTTY-1.534.tar.gz
author : Jing-Shin Chang
software: BeTTY-ws_2fl.p1
version : 1.0 (patch to BeTTY-1.534) Oct. 1995.
function: 1. makes BeTTY respect the window(tty) size.
2. a second Chinese code converting filter can be added on.
URL : ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/convert/BeTTY-ws2fl.p1.tar.gz
author : Wei Dong
software: c2gif
version : 0.01, 1995.10.21
function: convert a BIG5 text file to a GIF file
URL : ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/convert/c2gif001.tar.gz
http://www.math.ncu.edu.tw/~luors/c2gif/
author : Luoh Ren-Shan
software: gb2jis
version : 1.5, 1995.11.19
function: convert GB (or HZ) to JIS with two-letter pinyin
URL : ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/convert/gb2jis.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/fonts/gb/bdf/guobiao16.bdf.gz
author : Koichi Yasuoka
software: jis